Study the Frequency Dependence of Dielectric Properties of Gamma Irradiated PVA_(1-x)PS_x Polymer Blends

K. Prabha^*, H. S. Jayanna

Department of Physics, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta, Shimoga, India.

DOI: 10.4236/ojpchem.2015.54006                

Abstract

PVA_(1-x)PS_x (x = 0.0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.0) polymer blend films were prepared by simple solution cast method using mixer of dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) and double distilled water (DDW) as a common solvent. Gamma irradiation studies have been carried out to investigate the potential for improvements in the electrical properties of pure and blend polymer film. The induced changes in the dielectric constant (ε_r), dielectric loss (tanδ) and AC conductivity (σ_ac) properties for the unirradiated and irradiated films were studied, in the frequency range 50 Hz - 5 MHz at room temperature (27°C). Further, it was seen that the frequency dependent dielectric constant, dielectric loss and AC conductivity were found to increase with increasing γ irradiation dose for all the PVA_(1-x)PS_x (x = 0.0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.0) polymer blends. The maximum σ_ac at 1 kHz frequency was observed to be 2.4421 × 10^-6 s/m (at room temperature) for PVA film irradiated at 1.5 kGy.

Keywords

Polymer Composite Films, Gamma Irradiation, Dielectric Properties

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	Raghu, S., Kilarkaje, S., Sanjeev, G., Nagaraja, G.K. and Devendrappa, H. (2014) Effect of Electron Beam Irradiation on Polymer Electrolytes: Change in Morphology, Crystallinity, Dielectric Constant and AC Conductivity with Dose. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 98, 124-131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2014.01.024
[2]	Kempner, E.S. (2011) Direct Effects of Ionizing Radiation on Macromolecules. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, 49, 827-831. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.22250
[3]	Gryczka, U., Migdal, W., Chmielewska, D., Antoniak, M., Kaszuwara, W., Jastrzebska, A. and Olszyna, A. (2014) Examination of Changes in the Morphology of Lignocellulosic Fibers Treated with e-Beam Irradiation. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 94, 226-230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2013.07.007
[4]	Cleland, M.R., Parks, L.A. and Cheng, S. (2003) Applications for Radiation Processing of Materials. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 208, 66-73.
[5]	Zainuddin, Albinska, J., Ulański, P. and Rosiak, J.M. (2002) Radiation-Induced Degradation and Crosslinking of Poly(ethylene oxide) in Solid State. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 253, 339-344. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1020406930244
[6]	Schrote, K. and Frey, M.W. (2013) Effect of Irradiation on Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): Poly(styrenesulfonate) Nanofiber Conductivity. Polymer, 54, 737-742. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2012.11.062
[7]	Nanda, P., De, S.K., Manna, S., De, U. and Tarafdar, S. (2010) Effect of Gamma Irradiation on a Polymer Electrolyte: Variation in Crystallinity, Viscosity and Ion-Conductivity with Dose. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 268, 73-78.
[8]	Otaguro, H., de Lima, L.F.C.P., Parra, D.F., Lugao, A.B., Chinelatto, M.A. and Canevarolo, S.V. (2010) High-Energy Radiation Forming Chain Scission and Branching Inpolypropylene. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 79, 318-324.
[9]	Dole, M. (2013) The Radiation Chemistry of Macromolecules. Academic Press, Inc., Ltd., London.
[10]	Lawton, E.J., Bueche, A.M. and Balwit, J.S. (1953) Irradiation of Polymers by High-Energy Electrons. Nature, 172, 76-77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/172076a0
[11]	Abdel-Fattah, A., Abdel-Hamid, H. and Radwan, R. (2002) Changes in the Optical Energy Gap and ESR Spectra of Proton-Irradiated Unplasticized PVC Copolymer and Its Possible Use in Radiation Dosimetry. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 196, 279-285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0168-583X(02)01299-5
[12]	Chapiro, A. (1962) Radiation Chemistry of Polymeric Systems, High Polymers. Vol. 15, Interscience Publishers, New York.
[13]	El-din, H.M.N., El-Naggar, A.W.M. and Ali, F.I. (2003) Miscibility of Poly(vinyl alcohol)/polyacrylamide Blends before and after Gamma Irradiation. Polymer International, 52, 225-234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pi.1003
[14]	Okaya, T., Kohno, H., Terada, K., Sato, T., Maruyama, H. and Yamauchi, J. (1992) Specific Interaction of Starch and Polyvinyl Alcohols Having Long Alkyl Groups. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 45, 1127-1134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1992.070450701
[15]	Lu, S., Pearce, E.M. and Kwei, T.K. (1994) Miscibility Study in the Blends of Novel Poly (styrene-co-4-vinylphenyl-dimethylsilanol) and Poly (n-butyl methacrylate). Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry, 32, 2607-2618. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1994.080321401
[16]	Agari, Y. and Ueda, A. (1994) Thermal Conductivity of Poly(vinyl chloride)/polycaprolactone Blends. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, 32, 59-62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1994.090320108
[17]	Utracki, L.A. (1990) Polymer Alloys and Blends: Thermodynamics and Rheology. Hanser Gardner Publications, Munich, Vienna, New York.
[18]	Torikai, A., Harayama, K.-I., Hayashi, N., Mitsuoka, T. and Fueki, K. (1994) Radiation-Induced Degradation of Poly(styrene-co-methylmethacrylate) and Blends of Polystyrene and Polymethylmethacrylate. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 43, 493-496. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0969-806X(94)90067-1
[19]	Bhat, N.V., Nate, M.M., Kurup, M.B., Bambole, V.A. and Sabharwal, S. (2005) Effect of γ-Radiation on the Structure and Morphology of Polyvinyl Alcohol Films. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 237, 585-592. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2005.04.058
[20]	Baimuratov, E., Saidov, D.S. and Kalontarov, I.Y. (1993) Thermal, Photo and γ-Radiation Degradation of Mechanically Loaded Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). Polymer Degradation and Stability, 39, 35-39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0141-3910(93)90122-Y
[21]	Prabha, K. and Jayanna, H.S. (2015) Influence of Gamma Irradiation on the Dielectric Properties of PVA-PS Polymer Blends. International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, 5, 5-9.
[22]	Divya, R., Meena, M., Mahadevan, C.K. and Padma, C.M. (2014) Comparison of Rebound Numbers for M20 Concrete with Silica Fume. International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology (IJERT), 3, 722-725. http://dx.doi.org/10.15623/ijret.2014.0319129
[23]	Raju, G.G. (2003) Dielectrics in Electric Fields. Marcel Dekker Inc., New York. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203912270
[24]	Shehap, A., Allah, R.A.A., Basha, A.F. and El-Kader, F.H.A. (1998) Electrical Properties of Gamma-Irradiated, Pure, and Nickel Chloride-Doped Polyvinyl Alcohol Films. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 68, 687-698. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(19980502)68:5<687:: AID-APP1>3.0.CO;2-K
[25]	Kuczkowski, A. and Zielinski, R. (1982) The AC Conductivity of the Polyvinylcarbazole-Tetracyanoquinodimethane (PVK:TCNQ) CT Complex. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 15, 1765-1768. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/15/9/021