Choice of an Advanced Rheological Model for Modeling the Viscoelastic Behavior of Hot Mixtures Asphalt (HMA) from Sénégal (West Africa)

Mouhamed Lamine Chérif Aidara¹, Makhaly Ba¹, Alan Carter²

¹UFR Engineering sciences, Thiès University, Thiès, Sénégal.
²School of Superior Technologies (ETS), Director of Pavement Bituminous Materials Laboratory (LCMB), Montreal, Canada.

DOI: 10.4236/ojce.2015.53029                

Abstract

The main purpose of this article is to choose among advanced rheological models used in the French rational design, one that best represents the viscoelastic behavior of asphalt mixtures mixed with aggregates of Senegal. The model chosen will be the basis for the development of computational tools for stress and strain for Senegal. However, the calibration of these models needs complex modulus test results. In opposition to mechanical models the complex modulus can directly characterize the viscoelastic behavior of bituminous materials. Here determination is performed in the laboratory by using several types of tests divided into two groups: homogeneous tests and non-homogeneous tests. The choice of model will be carried out by statistical analysis through the least squares method. To this end, a study was carried out to “Laboratory of Pavement and Bituminous Materials” (LCMB) with asphalt concrete mixed with aggregate from Senegal named basalt of Diack and quartzite of Bakel. In this study, the test used to measure the complex modulus is the Canadian test method LC 26-700 (Determination of the complex modulus by tension-compression). There mainly exist two viewing complex modulus planes for laboratory test results: the Cole and Cole plane and the Black space. The uniqueness of the data points in these two areas means that studied asphalt concretes are thermorheologically simple and that the principle of time-temperature superposition can be applied. This means that the master curve may be drawn and that the same modulus value can be obtained for different pairs (frequency-temperature). These master curves are fitted during the calibration process by the advanced rheological models. One of the most used software in the French rational design for the visualization of complex modulus test results and calibration of rheological models developed tools is named Visco-analysis. In this study, its use in interpreting the complex modulus test results and calibration models shows that, the studied asphalt concretes are thermorheologically simple, because they present good uniqueness of their Black and Cole and Cole and Black diagrams. They allow a good application of the principle of time temperature superposition. The statistical analysis of calibration models by the least squares method has shown that the three studied models are suitable for modeling the linear viscoelastic behavior of asphalt mixtures formulated with the basalt of Diack and the quartzite of Bakel. Indeed their calibration has very similar precision values of “Sum of Squared Deviation” (SSD) about 0.185. However, the lower precision value (0.169) is obtained with the 2S2P1D model.

Keywords

Complex and Dynamic Modulus, Viscoelastic, Huet, Huet-Sayegh, 2S2D1P, Visco-Analyse, Sum of Squared Deviation

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	Di Benedetto, H.V. and Corté, F. (2005) Materials (Vol. 2) (H. Science, Éd.). Lavoisier, Lyon.
[2]	Huang, Y.H. (2004) Pavement Analysis and Design. PEARSON, Prentice Hall, Kentucky.
[3]	Carter, A. and Perraton, D. (2002) Measurement of Complex Modulus Asphalt Concretes. 2nd Material Specialty Conference of the Canadian Society for Civil Engineering, Montréal.
[4]	Yoder, E.J. and Witczak, M.W. (1975) Principle of Pavement Design. 2nd Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, 711 p. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470172919
[5]	NCHRP, TRB, NRC (2004) Guide for Mechanistic—Empirical Design—For New and Rehabilitated Pavement Structure. ARA, Inc, ERES Consultants Division, Illinois.
[6]	LCPC—SETRA (1994) Conception and Pavement Design. Technical Guid.
[7]	Huet, C. (1963) Etude par une méthode d’impédance du comportement viscoélastique des matériaux hydrocarbonés. Thèse de Docteur Ingénieur, Faculté des Sciences de l’université de Paris, Paris, 69 p.
[8]	Sayegh, G. (1965) Variation des modules de quelques bitumes purs et bétons bitumineux. Thèse de Doctorat d’Ingénieur, Faculté des Sciences de l’université de Paris.
[9]	Olard, F. and DiBenedetto, H. (2002) General 2S2P1D Model and Relation between the Linear Viscoelastic Behaviors of Bituminous Binders and Mixes. Road Materials and Pavement Design.
[10]	Olard, F. (2004) Thermomechanical Behavior of Asphalt Mixtures at Low Temperature. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation.
[11]	Chailleux, E. (2007) User Manual of Visco-Analysis Software. LCPC.
[12]	Papagiannakis, A.T. and Masad, E.A. (2007) Pavement Design and Materials. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 552 p.
[13]	Touhara, R. (2012) Studies of Fatigue Resistance of Asphalt Mixtures. Master Thesis, Superior School of Technology, Montreal.
[14]	Techno Sciences. http://www.techno-science.net/?onglet=glossaire&definition=6004