A Review of Vegetable Oil-Based Polymers: Synthesis and Applications

Abstract

The reviewed work addressed the shift in focus from conventional polymers to bio-based and renewable polymers. The environmental attributes of the renewable polymers make them preferred choice of matrix. The properties of the matrices from renewable origin could compete in high end applications. The composition of the fatty acids in plant seed oil was discussed and the determination of the level of unsaturation used the iodine value. This review also extensively discussed the values of various fatty acid components present in the oils. Areas of application of the thermosetting polymers obtained from plant seed oils were also discussed.

Share and Cite:

Adekunle, K. (2015) A Review of Vegetable Oil-Based Polymers: Synthesis and Applications. Open Journal of Polymer Chemistry, 5, 34-40. doi: 10.4236/ojpchem.2015.53004.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1] Bunker, S.P. and Wool, R.P. (2002) Synthesis and Characterization of Monomers and Polymers for Adhesives from Methyl Oleate. Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry, 40, 451-458.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.10130
[2] Eren, T. and Kusefoglu, S.H. (2004) Hydroxymethylation and Polymerization of Plant Oil Triglycerides. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 91, 4037-4046.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.13608
[3] Eren, T. and Kusefoglu, S.H. (2004) Synthesis and Polymerization of the Bromoacrylate Plant Oil Triglycerides for Rigid, Flame-Retardant Polymers. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 91, 2700-2710.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.13471
[4] Eren, T., Kusefoglu, S.H. and Wool, R. (2003) Polymerization of Maleic Anhydride-Modified Plant Oils with Polyols. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 90, 197-202.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.12631
[5] Helminen, A.O., Korhonen, H. and Seppala, J.V. (2002) Structure Modification and Crosslinking of Methacrylated Polylactide Oligomers. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 86, 3616-3624.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.11193
[6] Hong, C.K. and Wool, R.P. (2005) Development of a Bio-Based Composite Material from Soybean Oil and Keratin Fibers. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 95, 1524-1538.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.21044
[7] O’Donnell, A., Dweib, M.A. and Wool, R.P. (2004) Natural Fiber Composites with Plant Oil-Based Resin. Composites Science and Technology, 64, 1135-1145.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2003.09.024
[8] Shirikant, N., Lascala, J.J., Can, E., Morye, S.S., Williams, G.I., Palmese, G.R., et al. (2001) Development and Application of Triglyceride-Based Polymers and Composites. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 82, 703-723.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1897
[9] Victor Kolot, S.G. (2004) Vernonia Oil-Based Acrylate and Methacrylate polymers and Interpenetrating Polymer Net- works with Epoxy Resins. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 91, 3835-3843.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.13583
[10] Dietz, J.E. and Peppas, N.A. (1997) Reaction Kinetics and Chemical Changes during Polymerisation of Multifunctional (Meth)Acrylates for the Production of Highly Crosslinked Polymers Used in Information Storage Systems. Polymer, 38, 3767-3781.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0032-3861(96)00902-0
[11] La Scala, J.J., Sands, J.M., Orlicki, J.A., Robinette, E.J. and Palmese, G.R. (2004) Fatty Acid-Based Monomers as Sty- rene Replacements for Liquid Molding Resins. Polymer, 45, 7729-7737.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2004.08.056
[12] Wool, R.P. and Sun, X.S. (2005) Bio-Based Polymers and Composites. Elsevier Academic Press, Waltham, Chap. 4, 57.
[13] Takahashi, T., Hirayama, K., Teramoto, N. and Shibata, M. (2008) Biocomposites Composed of Epoxidized Soybean Oil Cured with Terpene-Based Acid Anhydride and Cellulose Fibers. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 108, 1596-1602.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.27866
[14] Zhu, J., Chandrashekhara, K., Flanigan, V. and Kapila, S. (2004) Curing and Mechanical Characterization of a Soy- Based Epoxy Resin System. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 91, 3513-3518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.13571
[15] Wool, R.P. and Sun, X.S. (2005) Bio-Based Polymers and Composites. Elsevier Academic Press, Waltham, Chap. 1, 5.
[16] Liu, K. (1997) Soybeans: Chemistry, Technology, and Utilization. International Thomson Publishing, New York.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1763-4
[17] Kaplan, D.L. (1998) Biopolymer from Renewable Resources. Springer, New York.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03680-8
[18] Can, E., Wool, R.P. and Kusefoglu, S. (2006) Soybean and Castor Oil Based Monomers: Synthesis and Copolymerization with Styrene. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 102, 2433-2447.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.24548
[19] Lu, J. and Wool, R.P. (2006) Novel Thermosetting Resins for SMC Applications from Linseed Oil. Synthesis, Characterization, and Properties. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 99, 2481-2488.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.22843
[20] Zhu, J., Chandrashekhara, K., Flanigan, V. and Kapila, S. (2004) Manufacturing and Mechanical Properties of Soy- Based Composites Using Pultrusion. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 35, 95-101.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2003.08.007
[21] Oksman, K., Skrifvars, M. and Selin, J.F. (2003) Natural Fibres as Reinforcement in Polylactic Acid (PLA) Composites. Composites Science & Technology, 63, 1317-1324.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0266-3538(03)00103-9
[22] Dweib, M.A., Hu, B., O’Donnell, A., Shenton, H.W. and Wool, R.P. (2004) All Natural Composite Sandwich Beams for Structural Applications. Composite Structures, 63, 147-157.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0263-8223(03)00143-0
[23] La Scala, J. and Wool, R.P. (2005) Rheology of Chemically Modified Triglycerides. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 95, 774-783.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.20846
[24] Thielemans, W., McAninch, I.M., Barron, V., Blau, W.J. and Wool, R.P. (2005) Impure Carbon Nanotubes as Reinforcements for Acrylated Epoxidized Soy Oil Composites. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 98, 1325-1338.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.22372
[25] Seniha Güner, F., Yagci, Y. and Tuncer Erciyes, A. (2006) Polymers from Triglyceride Oils. Progress in Polymer Science, 31, 633-670.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2006.07.001
[26] Esen, H., Kusefoglu, S.H. and Wool, R. (2004) Photolytic and Free Radical Polymerization of Epoxidized Plant Oil Triglycerides. Polymer Preprints ACS, Division of polymer Chemistry, 45, 577-578.
[27] Deligny, P. and Tuck, N. (2000) Alkyds and Polyesters. In: Oldring, P.K.T., Ed., Resins for Surface Coatings, Vol. II, Wiley, New York, 1-204.
[28] Bailey, A.E. (1996) Bailey’s Industrial Oil and Fat Products. Wiley, New York.
[29] Lu, J., Khot, S. and Wool, R.P. (2005) New Sheet Molding Compounds Resins from Soybean Oil. I. Synthesis and Characterization. Polymer, 46, 71-80.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2004.10.060
[30] Khot, S.N., Lascala, J.J., Can, E., Morye, S.S., Williams, G.I., Palmese, G.R., Kusefoglu, S.H. and Wool, R.P. (2001) Development and Applications of Triglyceride-Based Polymers and Composites. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 82, 703-723.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1897
[31] Petrovic, Z.S. (2008) Polyurethanes from Vegetable Oils. Polymer Reviews, 48, 109-155.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15583720701834224
[32] Can, E., Kusefoglu, S. and Wool, R.P. (2001) Rigid, Thermosetting Liquid Molding Resins from Renewable Resources. I. Synthesis and Polymerization of Soy Oil Monoglyceride Maleates. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 81, 69-77.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1414
[33] Wool, R.P., Kusefoglu, S., Palmese, G., Khot, S. and Zhao, R. (2000) High Modulus Polymers and Composites from Plant Oils. US Patent No. 6121398.
[34] Bozell, J.J. (2008) Feedstocks for the Future: Biorefinery Production of Chemicals from Renewable Carbon. Clean: Soil, Air, Water, 36, 641-647.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/clen.200800100
[35] Williams, C.K. and Hillmyer, M.A. (2008) Polymers from Renewable Resources: A Perspective for a Special Issue of Polymer Reviews. Polymer Reviews, 48, 1-10.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15583720701834133
[36] Xia, Y. and Larock, R.C. (2010) Vegetable Oil-Based Polymeric Materials: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications. Green Chemistry, 12, 1893-1909.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c0gc00264j

Copyright © 2023 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc.

Creative Commons License

This work and the related PDF file are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.