Fluoride in Tunisian Drinking Tap Water

Wiem Guissouma^*, Jamila Tarhouni

Department of Rural Engineering, National School of Agronomy of Tunis, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia.

DOI: 10.4236/jwarp.2015.711070                

Abstract

This paper presents a fluoride health risk characterization approach to identify the hyper-sensitive population of adverse effect like tooth decay, dental fluorosis and skeletal fluorosis. In this context, a sampling campaign has been done over 100 Tunisian water consumption points (tap). Laboratory analysis results show that the quality of drinking water is affected by high fluoride concentration level exceeding 2 mg·L^-1. Over these samples, 7% of them present non-compliant with the Tunisian national standard (NT09.14) and the international guidelines (World Health Organization recommendations, WHO). The overtake cases are located essentially in southern Tunisian areas, i.e. Medenine, Gabes, Gafsa and Tataouine. One can highlight that groundwater, in these southern Tunisian areas, are naturally rich of fluoride. This is because of the aquifers geological and fossil nature. However, commonly northern and central Tunisian areas are characterized by low fluoride concentration level below 0.1 mg·L^-1. These undertaken cases don’t meet the water quality requirement defined by WHO.

Keywords

Fluoride, Drinking Water, Health Risk Assessment, Adverse Effects, Hyper-Sensitive Population

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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