Evaluation of Water Resources Quality in Sabodala Gold Mining Region and Its Surrounding Area (Senegal)

Mall Ibrahima^*, Diaw Moctar, Dieng Ndèye Maguette, Madioune Hélène Diakher, Ngom Papa Malick, Faye Serigne

Département de Géologie, Faculté des Sciences et Technique, Université Cheikh Anta DIOP, Dakar, Sénégal.

DOI: 10.4236/jwarp.2015.73020                

Abstract

Geochemical and Geostatistical tools were used to assess: 1) the chemical quality and, geochemical processes in crystalline rock aquifers in Sabodala (Eastern Senegal) and its surroundings and 2) the impact of mining activities on their quality. A total of 26 water samples collected at boreholes, dug wells and stream, were analyzed to determine major and trace elements concentration focused on elements that represent more threats on human health. Boxplots define chemical characteristics of water for each aquifer formation compared to surface waters. Geostatistical analysis show two sources of water mineralization with regard to major elements: a first natural source characterized by Ca-Mg-HCO₃ water type from boreholes and unpolluted surface water and a second group characterized by polluted water by nitrates with Na-NO₃-Cl type mainly observed in upper weathered aquifers. However, considering trace element, geostatistical analysis showed three water groups: water with very low trace element concentrations encountered in boreholes and unpolluted surface waters, and waters with relatively high trace element concentrations such as Al observed in areas affected by gold mining activities and finally, polluted waters by Ni, Co, Mn and Cr observed at Sabodala. Results show that in eastern Senegal well waters are vulnerable and often affected by pollution.

Keywords

Geochemistry, Geostatistical, Crystalline Rock Aquifer, Pollution, Trace Elements, Sabodala, Senegal

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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