In-Vitro Efficacy of Certain Essential Oils and Plant Extracts against Three Major Pathogens of Jatropha curcas L.

Purnajyoti Deka Bhuyan¹, Phatik Tamuli^2*, Paran Boruah¹

¹Division of Medicine, India Aromatic and Economic Plants, North East Institute of Science & Technology (CSIR), Jorhat, India.
²Microbiology and Plant Pathology Lab, Department of Botany, Darrang College, Tezpur, India.

DOI: 10.4236/ajps.2015.62041                

Abstract

Antifungal activity of plant extracts and essential oils of six different plant species was tested against three pathogenic fungi, viz., Alternaria alternata, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Fusarium moniliforme isolated from Jatropha curcas L. using Poison Food Technique. All the samples tested were found effective in-vitro. More than 60% inhibition of growth of individual fungal species was observed at 100 ppm. Maximum inhibition was observed at concentration of 1000 ppm. However, among the essential oils tested Cinnamomum impressinervium exhibited the strongest activity (80%) in the case of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Alternaria alternate and 78.6% in the case of Fusarium oxysporum at concentration of 1000 ppm followed by Cinnamomum tamala, Cymbopogon jwarancusa and Cymbopogon citratus respectively. Among the plant extracts tested, Catharanthus roseus exhibited stronger activity in comparison to Tithonia diversifolia. Inhibition percentage of all the essential oils and plant extracts increased with the increase in concentration.

Keywords

Antifungal Activity, Alternaria alternate, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Fusarium moniliforme, Jatropha curcas

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	Tamuli, P., Das, J. and Boruah, P. (2014) Antifungal Activity of Polygonum Hydropiper and Solanum Melongena against Plant Pathogenic Fungi. Plant Archives, 14, 15-17.
[2]	Osman, K.A. and Abdulrahman, H.T. (2003) Risk Assessment of Pesticides to Human and the Environment. Saudi Journal of Biological Science, 10, 81-106.
[3]	Ye, M., Li, C.Y., Francis, G. and Harinder, P.S. (2009) Current Situation and Prospects of Jatropha curcas as a Multipurpose Tree in China. Agroforestry Systems, 76, 487-497. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10457-009-9226-x
[4]	Nath, S.C. and Baruah, A.K.S. (1994) Eugenol as the Major Component of the Leaf Oil of Cinnamomum impressinervium Meissn. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 6, 211-212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1994.9698360
[5]	Nath, S.C., Baruah, A. and Hazarika, A.K. (1999) Essential Oil of Leaves of Cinnamomum schaeffer Member. Indian Perfumer, 43, 182-190.
[6]	Mohan, M.S., Haider, Z., Sharma, A., Seth, R. and Sharma, M. (2012) Antimicrobial Activity and Composition of the Volatiles of Cinnamomum tamala Nees. and Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease, 2, S324-S327.
[7]	Annonymous (1994) Chemical Abstract, 121, Article ID: 2263383.
[8]	Olaniyi, A.A., Sofowora, E.A. and Oguntimehin, B.O. (1975) Phytochemical Investigation of Some Nigerian Plants Used against Fevers. II. Cymbopogon citratus. Planta Medica, 28, 186-189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0028-1097851
[9]	Irkin, R. and Korukluoglu, M. (2009) Effectiveness of Cymbopogo citratus L. Essential Oil to Inhibit the Growth of Some Filamentous Fungi and Yeasts. Journal of Medicinal Food, 12, 193-197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2008.0108
[10]	Liasu, M.O. and Achakzai, A.K.K. (2007) Influence of Tithonia diversifolia Leaf Mulch and Fertilizer Application on Growth and Yield of Potted Tomato Plants. American-Eurasian Journal of Agric. and Environmental Science, 2, 335-340.
[11]	Grover, R.K. and Moore, J.D. (1962) Toximetric Studies of Fungicides against the Brown Rot Organisms, Sclerotinia fructicola and S. laxa. Phytopathology, 52, 876-879.
[12]	Ogbebor, N.O., Adekunle, A.T. and Enobakhare, D.A. (2007) Inhibition of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz) Sac. Causal Organism of Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) Leaf Spot Using Plant Extract. African Journal of Biotechnology, 6, 213-218.
[13]	Sood, R. and Dohroo, N.P. (2003) Efficacy of Botanicals in Vitro against Phyllostictus zingiberis Causing Leaf Spot of Ginger. Plant Disease Research (Ludhiana), 18, 174-175.
[14]	Das, J. and Das, T.K. (2006) Botanicals to Control Phytopathogenic Fungus Sclerotinia scelerotiorum (Lib) De-Bary. Geobios, 33, 203-205.
[15]	Shetty, S.A., Prakash, H.S. and Shetty, H.S. (1989) Efficacy of Certain Plant Extract against Seed-Borne Infection of Trichoconiella padwickii in Paddy (Oryza sativa). Canadian Journal of Botany, 67, 1956-1958. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b89-248
[16]	Sarvamangala, H.S., Goviandaiah and Datta, R.K. (1993) Evaluation of Plant Extracts for the Control of Fungal Disease of Mulberry. Indian Phytopathology, 46, 398-401.