Hemodynamic Response during Japanese-Style Bathing in Elderly Disabled Subjects

Naomi Iwane^1,2, Takuzo Hano^1*, Yumi Koike^1,3, Kanami Nishihara¹

¹Medical Education and Population-Based Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
²School of Health and Nursing Science, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
³Department of Rehabilitation, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.

DOI: 10.4236/health.2014.621337                

Abstract

Aims: Bathing in deep, Japanese-style bathtubs is associated with high rates of sudden death in the elderly in Japan. The predominant causes of death in such cases are cardiovascular events and drowning. Blood pressure changes induced by water pressure and high temperature during bathing may be an important cause of these accidents. Therefore, we investigated the changes in blood pressure, heart rate, and oxygen saturation (SpO₂) before and after bathing in elderly Japanese individuals. Methods: Forty-eight elderly (average age, 86.4 ± 7.5 years) persons were enrolled in this study. Results: Changes in systolic blood pressure after bathing correlated negatively with baseline blood pressure before bathing, and participants with baseline systolic blood pressures of <125 mmHg experienced a greater elevation in blood pressure while bathing. Pulse rate was significantly increased after bathing, and the change in pulse rate correlated negatively with the baseline values. SpO₂ did not differ significantly during bathing, but changes in SpO₂ correlated negatively with baseline values. Lean participants showed a more marked elevation of SpO₂, and those with hypertension showed reduced SpO₂. Conclusion: These data suggest that the disabled elderly with low blood pressure experience trends in cardiovascular response during bathing which differ from those of young persons.

Keywords

Elderly, Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, SpO₂, Bathing, Japanese-Style Bathtub

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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