Rapid Determination of Residual Quinolones in Honey Samples by Fast HPLC with an On-Line Sample Pretreatment System

Wei Du², JianGuo Yao², YueQi Li², Yuki Hashi¹

¹Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan.
²Shimadzu International Trading (Shanghai) Co., Limited, Beijing, China.

DOI: 10.4236/ajac.2011.22023                

Abstract

A method of on-line pretreatment coupled to HPLC with fluorescence detection was developed and validated for the determination of nine quinolones in honey samples. This method simplified the complicated process of sample pretreatment and reduced sample treatment time. Recovery of the quinolones was between 92% - 101% for spiked honey samples. The limit of detection was 0.22 - 3.78 ng/mL (signal/noise ratio = 3). There was good linear correlation between HPLC peak area and concentration of the quinolones, with a linear range of 1.0 - 100.0 ng/mL and correlation coefficients >0.9997. The method proposed was validated for detecting quinolones in honey samples.

Keywords

Antibiotics, High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Honey; On-Line Pretreatment, Quinolones

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	C. F. Li, J. W. C. Wong, C. W. Huiea and M. M. F. Choia, “On-Line Flow Injection-Cloud Point Preconcentration of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Coupled with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography,” Journal of Chromatography A, Vol. 1214, No. 1-2, December 2008, pp. 11-16. doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2008.10.062
[2]	P. Tsytsik, J. Czech and R. Carleer, “Thermal Extraction coupled with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry as a Tool for Analysing Dioxin Surrogates and Precursors in Fly Ash,” Journal of Chromatogr. A, Vol. 1210, No. 2, November 2008, pp. 212-221. doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2008.09.071
[3]	L. W. Lim, Y. K. Okouchi and T. Takeuchi, “On-Line Preconcentration of Trace Carcinogenic Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Microcolumn Liquid Chromatography via Large Volume Injection,” Talanta, Vol. 72, No. 5, July 2007, pp. 1600-1608. doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2007.02.033
[4]	A. T. K. Tran, R. V. Hyne and P. Doble, “Determination of Commonly Used Polar Herbicides in Agricultural Drainage Waters in Australia by HPLC,” Chemosphere, Vol. 67, No. 5, March 2007, pp. 944-953. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.11.002
[5]	Y. T. Li, J. E. George, C. L. McCarty and S. C. Wendelken, “Development and Application of a Method for the Analysis of N-Acylhomoserine Lactones by Solid-Phase Extraction and Ultra High Pressure Liquid Chromatography,” Journal of Chromatography A, Vol. 1134, No. 1-2, November 2006, pp. 170-176. doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2006.09.047
[6]	R. M. Almeida and Y. Mauricio, “Gas Chromatographic-Mass Spectrometric Method for the Determination of the Herbicides Paraquat and Diquat in Plasma and Urine Samples,” Journal of Chromatography B, Vol. 853, No. 1-2, June 2007, pp. 260-264. doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.03.026
[7]	M. R. Boleda, M. T. Galceran and F. T. Ventura, “Trace Determination of Cannabinoids and Opiates in Wastewater and Surface Waters by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry,” Journal of Chromatography A, Vol. 1175, No. 1, December 2007, pp. 38-48. doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2007.10.029
[8]	Y. Song, S. Zhao, P. Tchounwou and Y. L. Min, “A Nanoparticle-Based Solid-Phase Extraction Method for Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization-Tandem Mass Spectrometric Analysis,” Journal of Chromatography A, Vol. 1166, No. 1-2, September 2007, pp.79-84. doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2007.07.074
[9]	W. D. Wang, Y. M. Huang, W. Q. Shu and J. Cao, “Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes as Adsorbents of Solid-Phase Extraction for Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Environmental Waters Coupled with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography,” Journal of Chromatography A, Vol. 1173, No. 1-2, November 2007, pp.27-36. doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2007.10.027
[10]	J. B. Baugros, B. Giroud, G. Dessalces, M. F. G. Loustalot and C. C. Olive, “Multiresidue Analytical Methods for the Ultra-Trace Quantification of 33 Priority Substances Present in the List of REACH in Real Water Samples,” Analytica Chimica Acta, Vol. 607, No. 2, January 2008, pp. 191-203. doi:10.1016/j.aca.2007.11.036
[11]	J. J. B. Nevado, C. G. Cabanillas, M. J. V. Llerena and V. R. Robledo, “Sensitive SPE GC-MS-SIM Screening of Endocrine-Disrupting Herbicides and Related Degradation Products in Natural Surface Waters and Robustness Study,” Microchemical Journal, Vol. 87, No. 1, October 2007, pp. 62-71 doi:10.1016/j.microc.2007.05.004
[12]	D. M. Pavlovic, S. Babic, A. J. M. Horvat and M. K. Macan, “Sample Preparation in Analysis of Pharmaceuticals,” TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 26, No. 11, December 2007, pp. 1062-1075. doi:10.1016/j.trac.2007.09.010
[13]	M. C. Hennion, C. C. D. Coumes and V. Pichon, “Trace Analysis of Polar Organic Pollutants in Aqueous Samples: Tools for the Rapid Prediction and Optimisation of the Solid-Phase Extraction Parameters,” Journal of Chromatography A, Vol. 823, No. 1-2, October1998, pp. 147- 161. doi:10.1016/S0021-9673(98)00479-8
[14]	M. C. Hennion, “Solid-Phase Extraction: Method Development, Sorbents, and Coupling with Liquid Chromatography,” Journal of Chromatography A, Vol. 856, No. 1-2, September 1999, pp. 3-54. doi:10.1016/S0021-9673(99)00832-8
[15]	K. Ridgway, S. P. D. Lalljie, R. M. Smith, “Sample Preparation Techniques for the Determination of Trace Residues and Contaminants in Foods,” Journal of Chromatography A, Vol. 1153, No. 1-2, June 2007, pp. 36-53. doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2007.01.134