Photocatalytic Activity of Anodized Titanium Sheets under Ultra-Violet and Visible Light Irradiation

Michio Kaneko¹, Kiyonori Tokuno², Kazuo Yamagishi³, Takao Wada³, Tsuyoshi Hasegawa³

¹Steel Research Laboratories, Nippon Steel and Sumitomo Metal Corporation, Futtsu, Japan.
²Head Office, Nippon Steel and Sumitomo Metal Corporation, Tokyo, Japan.
³Toyo Rikagaku Kenkyusho Corporation, Niigata, Japan.

DOI: 10.4236/jsemat.2014.46041                

Abstract

A commercially pure titanium sheet precipitated TiC in the surface layer was fabricated by anodic oxidation in NH₄NO₃ solution and heat treatment in air. The fabricated sheet showed relatively high photocatalytic activity in 0.1 M KI solution, which was close to the activity level of the P-25 particle made by Degussa Corporation. It exhibited photocatalytic activity in antifungal and antivirus tests under black light irradiation. The better photocatalytic activity under black light irradiation is considered to be related to the formation of anatase and rutile type titanium dioxides and rough surface. It also showed photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation, which is considered to be attributable to carbon and nitrogen doping in titanium dioxide.

Keywords

Photocatalysis, Titanium Dioxide, Anodic Oxidation, Visible-Light Response, Carbon-Doping

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	Akira, F. and Kenichi, H. (1972) Electrochemical Photolysis of Water at a Semiconductor Electrode. Nature, 238, 37-38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/238037a0
[2]	Ralph, W.M. (1987) Photooxidation of Organic Impurities in Water Using Thin Films of Titanium Dioxide. Journal of Physical Chemistry, 91, 3328-3333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100296a044
[3]	Yoshihisa, O., Kazuhito, H. and Akira, F. (1997) Kinetics of Photocatalytic Reaction under Extreamly Low-Intensity UV Illumination on Titanium Dioxide Thin Films. Journal of Physical Chemistry, A101, 8057-8062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp972002k
[4]	Jimmy, C., Yu, Wingkei, H., Jun, L., Hoyin, Y. and Po, K.W. (2003) Photocatalytic Activity, Antibacterial Effect, and Photoinduced Hydrophilicity of TiO2 Films Coated on a Stainless Steel Substrate. Environmental Science and Technology, 37, 2296-2301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es0259483
[5]	Yoshihisa, O., Yuki, S., Akira, F. and Yoshinobu, K. (2008) Self-Sterilization Using Silicone Catheters Coated with AG and TiO2 Nanocomposite Thin Film. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, 85B, 453-460. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.b.30965
[6]	Kinji, O. and Susumu, Y. (2007) Effect of Electrolysis Conditions on Photocatalytic Activities of the Anodized TiO2 Films. Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 180, 3425-3433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jssc.2007.10.003
[7]	Naofumi, O., Shinji, K. and Kenji, K. (2013) Effect of Electrolytes on Anodic Oxidation of Titanium for Fabricating Titanium Dioxide Photocatalyst. Thin Solid Films, 534, 70-75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2013.01.106
[8]	Yoshiteru, M., Naofumi, O., Satoshi, S. and Naoya, M. (2009) Visible Light Response of Sulfur-Doped Rutile Dioxide Photocatalysts Fabricated by Anodic Oxidation. Applied Catalysis, B91, 152-156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2009.05.018
[9]	Naofumi, O., Hirotaka, K., Shinji, K., Yoshiteru, M. and Naoya, M. (2013) Fabrication of Visible-Light-Responsive Titanium Dioxide Layer on Titanium Using Abodic Oxidation in Nitric Acid. Applied Surface Science, 270, 513-518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2013.01.071
[10]	Michio, K., Kazuhiro, T., Teruhiko, H., Izumi, M. and Kiyonori, T. (2002) Environmental and Metallurgical Factors Affecting Discoloration of Titanium Sheets in Atmospheric Environments. Proceeding of the 15th International Corrosion Congress, Granada, Paper No. 26.
[11]	Michio, K., Masao, K. and Kiyonori, T. (2010) Effects of Titanium Carbide (TiC) and Anodizing Voltages on Discoloration Resistance of Colored-Titanium Sheets. Corrosion Science, 52, 1889-1896. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2010.02.042
[12]	Harvey, P.R. and Rudham, R. (1988) Photocatalytic Oxidation of Iodide Ions by Titanium Dioxide. Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions 1: Physical Chemistry in Condensed Phases, 84, 4181-4190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/f19888404181
[13]	Japanese Industrial Standard (2008) Test Method for Antifungal Activity of Photocatalytic Products under Photo Irradiation, JIS R 1705.
[14]	Japanese Industrial Standard (2006) Test Method for Antibacterial Activity of Photocatalytic Products under Photo Irradiation and Efficacy, JIS R 1702.
[15]	Roger, I.B., Teresita, G.C., John, S.L., Leonardo, P. and Richard, J.D.T. (1991) A Structural Investigation of Titanium Dioxide Photocatalysts. Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 92, 178-190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-4596(91)90255-G
[16]	Michael, R.H., Scot, T.M., Wonyong, C. and Detlef, W.B. (1995) Environmental Application of Semiconductor Photocatalysis. Chemical Reviews, 95, 69-96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cr00033a004
[17]	Ryoji, A., Takeshi, M., Takeshi, O., Koyu, A. and Yasunori, T. (2001) Visible-Light Photocatalysis in Notrogen-Doped Titanium Oxide. Science, 293, 269-271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1061051