Characterization of Aromatic Hydrocarbon Rading Bacteria from Petroleum Contaminated Sites

Swarnakaran Hemalatha, Panchanathan VeeraManikandan

.

DOI: 10.4236/jep.2011.23028                

Abstract

Aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, hexane, toluene, naphthalene and xylene degrading bacteria such as Flavobacterium spp.1 & 2 and Pseudomonas spp.1 & 2 were isolated from petroleum contaminated soil samples. They were resistant to heavy metals such as lead, iron, zinc, cobalt and mercury. The optimum pH for hydrocarbon degradation by Flavobacterium spp.1 was 9. Flavobacterium spp.2, Pseudomonas spp.1 & 2 have shown optimum pH 7 for their degradation. The optimum temperature for hydrocarbon degradation by Flavobacterium spp.1 & 2 and Pseudomonas spp.1 & 2 were at 40°C & 45°C .

Keywords

Aromatic hydrocarbon, Flavobacterium, Pseudomonas, Heavy metals, Temperature

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	G. Mastrangela, E. Fadda and V. Marzia, “Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Cancer in Man,” Environment Health Perspect, Vol. 104, No. 11, 1997, pp. 1166-1170. HTUdoi:10.1289/ehp.961041166UT
[2]	M. Blumer, “Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Nature,” Scientific Americian, Vol. 234, No. 1, 1976, pp. 34-44. HTUdoi:10.1038/scientificamerican0376-34UT
[3]	M. Bossert, W. Kachel and R. Bartha, “Fate of HydroCarbons during Oily Sludge Disposal in Soil,” Applied Environment Microbiology, Vol. 47, No. 4, 1984, pp. 763-767.
[4]	L. A. Levin and V. A. Forchiassin, “Degradation of Organic Pollutants by the White Rot Basidiomycete Trametes Trogii,” International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, Vol. 52, 2003, pp. 1-5. HTUdoi:10.1016/S0964-8305(02)00091-4UT
[5]	M. F. Ghazali, N. R. Zakha, R. N. Abdul, A. B. Salleh and M.Basri, “Biodegradation of Hydrocarbons in Soil by Microbial Consortium,” International biodeterioration and biodegradation, Vol. 54, No. 1, 2004, pp. 61-67. HTUdoi:10.1016/j.ibiod.2004.02.002UT
[6]	P. V. O. Trindada, L. G. Sobral, A. C. L. Rizzo, S. G. F. Leitic and A. U. Soriano, “Bioremediation of a Weathered and Recently Oil Contaminated Soils from Brazil - A Comparison Study,” Chemosphere, Vol. 58, No. 4, 2004, pp. 515- 522. HTUdoi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.09.021UT
[7]	J. V. Pothuluri and C. E. Cerniglia, “Microbial Metabolism of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons,” In G. R. Chaudry, ed. Biological Degradation and Bioremediation Toxic Chemicals,” London: Chapman and hall, 1994, pp. 92-124.
[8]	J. G. Leahy, K. D. Tracy, M. H. Eley, “Degradation of Mixtures of Aromatic and Aliphatic Hydrocarbons by Aromatic Hydrocarbon-Degrading Bacteria,” FEMS- Microbiology-Ecology, Vol. 43, No. 2, 2003, pp. 271-276. HTUdoi:10.1111/j.1574-6941.2003.tb01067.xUTH
[9]	R. Shakoori and Biriji Zahra, “Hydrocarbon Degrading Bacteria Isolated from Soil Samples and Industrial Effluents and Their Potential Use in Environmental Cleanup,” Proceedings of Pakistan Congress of Zoology, Vol. 19, 1999, pp. 309-338.
[10]	I. Nnamchi, A. N. Obeta and L. I. Ezeogu, “Isolation and Characterization of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Degrading Bacteria from Nsukka Soils in Nigeria,” International Journal of Environmental science and Technology, Vol. 3, No. 2, 2006, pp. 181-190.
[11]	E. Riser Roberts, “Bioremediation of Petroleum Contaminated Sites,” Boca Raton (FL): RC Press InC.1992.
[12]	J. G. Bundy, G. I. Paton and C. D. Campbell, “Combined microbial Community Level and Single Species Biosensor Responses to Monitor Recovery of Oil Polluted Soil,” Soil biology and Biochemistry, Vol. 36, 2004, pp. 1149-1159. HTUdoi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2004.02.025UT
[13]	T. Mandri and J. Lin, “Isolation and Characterization of Engine oil Degrading Indigenous Micro Organisms in Kwazulu Natal, South Arica,” African journal of Biotechnology, Vol. 6, No. 1, 2007, pp. 23-27.
[14]	S. J. Lu, H. Q. Wang and Z. H. Yao, “Isolation and Characterization of Gasoline Degrading Bacteria from Gas Station Leaking Contaminated Soil,” Journal of Environmental Sciences, Vol. 8, 2006, pp. 969-972. HTUdoi:10.1016/S1001-0742(06)60023-5UT
[15]	Sivapriya and R. Nirmala, “Biodegradation of Cyclohexonal by Bacteria Isolated from Oil Spilled Soil Around Vandavasi,” Journal of Ecotoxicology and Environmental Monitoring, Vol. 13, 2003, pp. 185-190.
[16]	Williams and Wilkins.1994. 9th Edition. Bergy’s Manual of determinative bacteriology.
[17]	G. Coral and S. Karagoz, “Isolation and Characterization of Phenanthrene Degrading Bacteria from Petroleum Refinery Soil,” Annals of Microbiology, Vol. 55, No. 4, 2005, pp. 255-259.
[18]	S. Y. Yuan, S. W. Chang, B. V. Chang, “Biodegradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Sludge,” Bulletin of environmental contamination and Toxicology, Vol. 7, No. 3, 2003, pp. 625-632. HTUdoi:10.1007/s00128-003-8841-xUT
[19]	N. Englert, G. Harms and F. Widdel, “Aerobic Petroleum Degradation Rate of Aromatic Hydrocarbon,” Achieves of Microbiology, Vol.172, 1993, pp. 303-312.
[20]	H. Feitkenhauer and H. Mark, “Biodegradation of Aliphatic and Aromatic Hydrocarbons at High Temperature,” Water Science and Technology, Vol. 47, No. 10, 2003, pp. 123- 130.
[21]	Ghosh, A. Singh Ramteke and V. Singh, “Characteri- zation of Large Plasmid Encoding Resistance to Toxic Heavy Metals in Salmonella Abortus Equi,” Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, Vol. 272, No. 1, 2000, pp. 6-11. HTUdoi:10.1006/bbrc.2000.2727UTH