Phenology and Vegetative Growth in a New Production Region of Grapevines: Case Study in São Joaquim, Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil

Marcelo Borghezan, Larissa Villar, Tatiane Carine da Silva, Monica Canton, Miguel Pedro Guerra, Claudia Guimarães Camargo Campos

UDESC—Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Lages, Brazil.
UFSC—Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.

DOI: 10.4236/oje.2014.46030                

Abstract

In Brazil winemaking is expanding not only in the renewal of vineyards in traditional production areas, but also in the introduction of new crops in the newer winemaking regions. Promising characteristics were observed in the quality of the grapes and wines produced in altitude regions of Santa Catarina. The aim of this study is to characterize the geographic and climatic conditions which affect the phenology and vegetative growth of grapevine in S?o Joaquim, in the mountains region of Santa Catarina. The vineyards are located in areas with undulated and strongly undulated relief, predominantly in soils originating from basaltic rocks, in climate conditions classified as Cfb according to the K?ppen, as Region I according to Winkler classification. The phenological stage of the grapevines in the S?o Joaquim region begins later and lasts longer in comparison to other winegrowing regions in Brazil. Decrease in photoperiod and low temperatures (<10?C) were the determining factors for the induction of growth cessation of the shoots in S?o Joaquim. The geographic location in a lower latitude and its high altitude results in a distinct growing climate compared to the other winegrowing regions in Brazil.

Keywords

Vitis vinifera L., Climate Characterization, Phenological Events, Ecophysiology

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	Leeuwen, C. and Seguin, G. (2006) The Concept of Terroir in Viticulture. Journal of Wine Research, 17, 1-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09571260600633135
[2]	Mello, L.M.R. (2012) Vitivinicultura Brasileira: Panorama 2011. Bento Goncalves, 4 p. (Comunicado Técnico 115).
[3]	Tonietto, J. and Carbonneau, A. (2004) A Multicriteria Climatic Classification System for Grape-Growing Regions Worldwide. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 124, 81-97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2003.06.001
[4]	Rosier, J.P. (2003) Novas Regioes: Vinhos de altitude no sul do Brasil. In: X Congresso Brasileiro de Viticultura e Enologia, Anais, Bento Goncalves, 137-140.
[5]	Falcao, L.D., Chaves, E.S., Burin, V.M., Falcao, A.P., Gris, E.F., Bonin, V. and Bordignon-Luiz, M.T. (2008) Maturity of Cabernet Sauvignon Berries from Grapevines Grown with Two Different Training Systems in a New Grape Growing Region in Brazil. Ciencia e Investigación Agraria, 35, 271-282. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-16202008000300010
[6]	Gris, E.F., Burin, V.M., Brighenti, E., Vieira, H. and Bordignon-Luiz, M.T. (2010) Phenology and Ripening of Vitis vinifera L. Grapes Varieties in Sao Joaquim, Southern Brazil: A New South American Wine Growing Region. Ciencia e Investigación Agraria, 37, 61-75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-16202010000200007
[7]	Borghezan, M., Gavioli, O., Pit, F.A. and Silva, A.L. (2011) Comportamento vegetativo e produtivo da videira e composicao da uva em Sao Joaquim, Santa Catarina. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 46, 398-405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0100-204X2011000400009
[8]	Burin, V.M., Silva, A.P., Malinovski, L.I., Rosier, J.P., Falcao, L.D. and Bordignon-Luiz, M.T. (2011) Characterization and Multivariate Classification of Grapes and Wines of Two Cabernet Sauvignon Clones. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 46, 474-481.
[9]	Miele, A., Rizzon, L.A. and Zanus, M.C. (2010) Discrimination of Brazilian Red Wines According to the Viticultural Region, Varietal, and Winery Origin. Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, 30, 268-275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0101-20612010000100039
[10]	Blanco-Ward, D., Queijeiro, J.M.G. and Jones, G. (2007) Spatial Climate Variability and Viticulture in the Mino River Valley of Spain. Vitis, 46, 63-70.
[11]	Leeuwen, C., Friant, P., Choné, X., Trégoat, O., Koundouras, S. and Dubourdieu, D. (2004) The Influence of Climate, Soil and Cultivar on Terroir. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 55, 207-217.
[12]	Borghezan, M., Gavioli, O., Vieira, H.J. and Silva, A.L. (2012) Shoot Growth of Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon Grapevine Varieties. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 47, 200-2007.
[13]	Camargo, C.G.C., Braga H.J., Malandrin, D. and Machado, L. (2011) Análises de Eventos Extremos de Precipitacao na Regico Sul do Brasil: Dados Históricos. In: XVII Congresso Brasileiro de Agrometeorologia, Anais, Guarapari, CDRom.
[14]	Jones, G. and Davis, R.E. (2000) Climate Influences on Grapevine Phenology, Grape Composition, and Wine Production and Quality for Bordeaux, France. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 51, 249-261.
[15]	Duchêne, E. and Schneider, C. (2005) Grapevine and Climatic Changes: A Glance at the Situation in Alsace. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 25, 93-95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/agro:2004057
[16]	Coombe, B.G. (1995) Growth Stages of the Grapevine: Adoption of a System for Identifying Grapevine Growth Stages. Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research, 1, 104-110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0238.1995.tb00086.x
[17]	Lorenz, D.H., Eichhorn, K.W., Bleiholder, H., Klose, R., Meier, U. and Weber, E. (1995) Growth Stages of the Grapevine: Phenological Growth Stages of the Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. ssp. vinifera)—Codes and Descriptions According to the Extended BBHC Scale. Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research, 1, 100-103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0238.1995.tb00085.x
[18]	Lavee, S. and May, P. (1997) Dormancy of Grapevine Buds—Facts and Speculation. Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research, 3, 31-46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0238.1997.tb00114.x
[19]	Conde, C., Fontes, N., Dias, A.C.P., Tavares, R.M., Souza, M.J., Agasse, A., Delrot, S. and Gerós, H. (2007) Biochemical Changes throughout Grape Berry Development and Fruit and Wine Quality. Food, 1, 1-22.
[20]	Brighenti, E. and Bonin, V. (2008) Comportamento fenológico de cultivares de videira (Vitis vinifera), na regicao de Sao Joaquim, SC. In: VIII Seminário Nacional sobre Fruticultura de Clima Temperado, Anais, Sao Joaquim, 65-70.
[21]	Mandelli, F., Tonietto, J., Camargo, U.A. and Czermainski, A.B.C. (2004) Fenologia e necessidade térmicas da videira na Serra Gaúcha. In: XVIII Congresso Brasileiro de Fruticultura, Anais, Florianópolis, 4 p.
[22]	Mota, C.S., Amarante, C.V.T., Santos, H.P. and Zanardi, O.Z. (2008) Comportamento vegetativo e produtivo de videiras “cabernet sauvignon” cultivadas sob cobertura plástica. Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura, 30, 148-153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0100-29452008000100027
[23]	Garris, A., Clark, L., Owens, C., Mckay, S., Luby, J., Mathiason, K. and Fennell, A. (2009) Mapping of Photoperiod-Induced Growth Cessation in the Wild Grape Vitis riparia. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 134, 261-272.
[24]	Petrie, P.R., Trought, M.C.T. and Howell, G.S. (2000) Fruit Composition and Ripening of Pinot Noir (Vitis vinifera L.) in Relation to Leaf Area. Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research, 6, 46-51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0238.2000.tb00161.x
[25]	Hunter, J.J, Volschenk, C.G., Marais, J. and Fouché, G.W. (1988) Composition of Sauvignon Blanc Grapes as Affected by Pre-Véraison Canopy Manipulation and Ripeness Level. South African Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 9, 3-9.
[26]	Dufourcq, T. and Bonnisseau, M. (2003) Adaptation de la conduite du vignoble: La gestion du rapport feuilles/fruits. Institut Francais de la Vigne et du Vin, 10 p.
[27]	Tanino, K.K., Kalcsits, L., Silim, S., Kendall, E. and Gray, G.R. (2010) Temperature-Driven Plasticity in Growth Cessation and Dormancy Development in Deciduous Woody Plants: A Working Hypothesis Suggesting How Molecular and Cellular Function Is Affected by Temperature during Dormancy Induction. Plant Molecular Biology, 73, 49-65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11103-010-9610-y
[28]	Victor, K.J., Fennell, A.Y. and Grimplet, J. (2010) Proteomic Analysis of Shoot Tissue during Photoperiod Induced Growth Cessation in V. riparia Michx. Grapevines. Proteome Science, 8, 1-17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1477-5956-8-44
[29]	Olsen, J.E. (2010) Light and Temperature Sensing and Signaling in Induction of Bud Dormancy in Woody Plants. Plant Molecular Biology, 73, 37-47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11103-010-9620-9
[30]	Chao, W.S., Foley, M.E., Horvath, D.P. and Anderson, J.V. (2007) Signals Regulating Dormancy in Vegetative Buds. International Journal of Plant Developmental Biology, 1, 49-56.
[31]	Cramer, G.R. (2010) Abiotic Stress and Plant Responses from the Whole Vine to the Genes. Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research, 16, 86-93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0238.2009.00058.x
[32]	Tregoat, O., Leeuwen, C.V., Choné, X. and Gaudillère, J.P. (2002) étude du régime hydrique et de la nutrition azotée de la vigne par des indicateurs physiologiques: Influence sur le comportement de la vigne et la maturation du raisin (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Merlot, 2000, Bordeaux). Journal International des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, 36, 133-142.