Lifetime Prevalence of Emotional/Psychological Abuse among Qualified Female Healthcare Providers

Azmat Jehan Khan, Rozina Karmaliani, Tazeen Saeed Ali, Nargis Asad, Farhana Madhani

Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.
School of Nursing and Midwifery, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
School of Nursing and Midwifery, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan; Community Health Sciences (CHS), Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.

DOI: 10.4236/sm.2014.42017                

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the lifetime prevalence of emotional/psychological abuse among married female healthcare providers in tertiary care hospitals in Karachi, Pakistan. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in a sample of 350 married female nurses and doctors, recruited from three tertiary healthcare hospitals (one public and two private). This study used the self administered modified truncated WHO multi-country questionnaire. Descriptive and univariate analysis was performed. Of the total sample of 350 female married healthcare providers, 97.7% (n = 342) were reported with one or more forms of domestic violence at some point in their married life, whereby 62.6% (n = 214) lifetime prevalence of emotional abuse was found due to any forms of violence. The univariate analysis showed that those female healthcare providers who had done their diploma were more prone to emotional abuse 46.7% (n = 100). And, nurses experienced more emotional abuse 57.9% (n = 124) in their life than doctors. Moreover, there was a significant difference of emotional abuse among those participants’ husband who used and do not use alcohol (p = .009). The most common study participants responses against emotional abuse were: 62% (n = 212), verbally fighting back, 15.2% (n = 52) keeping quiet, 27.2% (n = 93) talking to husband, family/friends, 7% (n = 24) returning to parents’ home and 5.8% (n = 20) attempting suicide. Domestic violence leads to emotional scars and should be considered as an inhuman act. However, its prevalence exists in every culture and more so in underdeveloped, economically challenged cultures. Emotional abuse is frequent among nurses and doctors. Socio-demographic factors of women have been identified as one of the determinants of emotional abuse among healthcare professionals. Future research should investigate emotional abuse patterns not only for professional women but also for housewives.

Keywords

Domestic Violence; Violence against Women; Pakistan; Emotional Abuse; Demographic Factors; Married Female Healthcare Providers

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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