Paralleled DC-DC Power Converters Sliding Mode Control with Dual Stages Design

Bashar Khasawneh, Maha Sabra, Mohamed A. Zohdy

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, USA..

DOI: 10.4236/jpee.2014.22001                

Abstract

This paper proposes the new cascaded series parallel design for improved dynamic performance of DC-DC buck boost converters by a new Sliding Mode Control (SMC) method. The converter is controlled using Sliding Mode Control method that utilizes the converter’s duty ratio to determine the skidding surface. System modeling and simulation results are presented. The results also showed an improved overall performance over typical PID controller, and there was no overshoot or settling time, tracking the desired output nicely. Improved converter performance and robustness were expected.

Keywords

DC-DC Converters; Paralleled Converter; DC-DC Control; Efficiency Improvement of DC-DC; Sliding Mode Control (SMC); Hyper Plane Design; Variable Structure Control (VSC)

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	B. Khasawneh, M. Sabra and M. Zohdy, “Novel Operating Mode for DC-to-DC Converters in PHEVs,” SAE Technical Paper 2013-01-1761, 2013.
[2]	S. K. Mazumder, A. H. Nayfeh and A. Borojevic, “Robust Control of Parallel DC-DC Buck Converters by Combining Integral-Variable-Structure and Multiple-Sliding-Surface Control Schemes,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 17, No. 3, 2002, pp. 428-437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2002.1004251
[3]	T. Kohama, T. Ninomiya, M. Shoyama and F. Ihara, “Dynamic Analysis of Parallel-Module Converter System with Current Balance Controllers,” 16th International Telecommunications Energy Conference, INTELEC’94, 1994, pp. 190-195.
[4]	V. J. Thottuvelil and G. C. Verghese, “Analysis and Control Design of Paralleled DC/DC Converters with Current Sharing,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 13, No. 4, 1998, pp. 635-644. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/63.704129
[5]	K. Siri, C. Q. Lee and T. Wu, “Current Distribution Control for Parallel Connected Converters. I,” IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, Vol. 28, No. 3, 1992, pp. 829-840. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/7.256303
[6]	Qing Chen, “Stability Analysis of Paralleled Rectifier Systems,” 17th International Telecommunications Energy Conference, INTELEC’95, 1995, pp. 35-40.
[7]	J. Rajagopalan, K. Xing, Y. Guo, F. C. Lee and B. Manners, “Modeling and Dynamic Analysis of Paralleled DC/ DC Converters with Master-Slave Current Sharing Control,” 11th Annual Conference Proceedings on Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, APEC’96, Vol. 2, 1996, pp. 678-684.
[8]	Y. Panov, J. Rajagopalan and F. C. Lee, “Analysis and Design of N Paralleled DC-DC Converters with MasterSlave Current-Sharing Control,” 12th Annual Conference Proceedings on Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, APEC’97, Vol. 1, 1997, pp. 436-442.
[9]	D. S. Garabandic and T. B. Petrovic, “Modeling Parallel Operating PWM DC/DC Power Supplies,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 42, No. 5, 1995, pp. 545-551. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/41.464619
[10]	P. V. Kokotovic, “The Joy of Feedback: Nonlinear and Adaptive,” IEEE Control Systems, Vol. 12, No. 3, 1992, pp. 7-17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/37.165507
[11]	Krstic, Miroslav, I. Kanellakopoulos and P. V. Kokotovic, “Nonlinear and Adaptive Control Design,” John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1995.
[12]	Khalil and K. Hassan, “Nonlinear Systems,” Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, 2002.
[13]	Slotine, E. Jean-Jacques and W. P. Li, “Applied Nonlinear Control,” Vol. 199, No. 1, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, 1991.
[14]	M. Zohdy, M. S. Fadali and J. Liu, “Variable Structure Control Using System Decomposition,” IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, Vol. 37, No. 10, 1992, pp. 1514-1517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/9.256371
[15]	M. A. Zohdy, M. S. Fadali and J. Liu, “Variable Structure Dynamic Output Feedback,” Proceedings of the 1995 American Control Conference, Vol. 2, 1995, pp. 15181522. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ACC.1995.521005
[16]	Utkin and I. Vadim, “Sliding Modes in Control and Optimization,” Vol. 116, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1992.
[17]	Sastry and Shankar, “Nonlinear Systems: Analysis, Stability, and Control,” Vol. 10, Springer, New York, 1999.
[18]	Jamshidi, Mohammad, et al., “Applications of Fuzzy Logic: Towards High Machine Intelligence Quotient Systems,” Prentice-Hall Inc., Upper Saddle River, 1997.
[19]	I. Batarseh, K. Siri and H. Lee, “Investigation of the Output Droop Characteristics of Parallel-Connnected DC-DC Converters,” 25th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, PESC’94 Record., Vol. 2, 1994, pp. 1342-1351.
[20]	J. J. Shi, L. B. Zhou and X. N. He, “Common-Duty-Ratio Control of Input-Parallel Output-Parallel (IPOP) Connected DC-DC Converter Modules with Automatic Sharing of Currents,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 27, No. 7, 2012, pp. 3277-3291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2011.2180541
[21]	Batarseh, K. Siri and H. Lee, “Investigation of the Output Droop Characteristics of Parallel-Connnected DC-DC Converters,” 25th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, PESC’94 Recordings, 1994, Vol. 2, pp. 13421351.
[22]	A. G. Beccuti, M. Kvasnica, G. Papafotiou and M. Morari, “A Decentralized Explicit Predictive Control Paradigm for Parallelized DC-DC Circuits,” IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, Vol. 21, No. 1, 2013, pp. 136-148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TCST.2011.2178071
[23]	A. A. Aboushady, K. H. Ahmed, S. J. Finney and B. W. Williams, “Linearized Large Signal Modeling, Analysis, and Control Design of Phase-Controlled Series-Parallel Resonant Converters Using State Feedback,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 28, No. 8, 2013, pp. 3896-3911. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2012.2231700
[24]	W. Qian, H. Y. Cha, F.-Z. Peng and L. M. Tolbert, “55-kW Variable 3X DC-DC Converter for Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 27, No. 4, 2012, pp. 1668-1678. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2011.2165559
[25]	Jamerson, Cliff and C. Mullett, “Paralleling Supplies via Various Droop Methods,” High-Frequency Power Conversion Conference (HFPC) Proceedings, 1994, pp. 6876.
[26]	M. Grossoni and G. Cimador, “A Selective Supervision Device for Paralleling Operating ac/dc and dc/dc Converters,” 5th International Telecommunications Energy Conference, INTELEC’83, 1983, pp. 587-593.
[27]	R.-H. Wu, T. Kohama, Y. Kodera, T. Ninomiya and F. Ihara, “Load-Current-Sharing Control for Parallel Operation of DC-to-DC Converters,” 24th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, PESC’93 Recordings, 1993, pp. 101-107.
[28]	Y. Panov, J. Rajagopalan and F. C. Lee, “Design-Oriented Analysis of Paralleled dc-dc Converters with Master-Slave Current-Sharing Control,” Proceedings of the Annual Seminar of Virginia Power Electronics Seminar, 1996, pp. 83-89.
[29]	V. I. Utkin, J. Guldner and J. Shi, “Sliding Mode Control in Electromechanical Systems (Vol. 9),” CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1999.
[30]	Freeman, A. Randy and P. V. Kokotovic, “Robust Nonlinear Control Design: State-Space and Lyapunov Techniques,” Springer, Berlin, 2008.
[31]	Z. H. Qu, “Robust Control of Nonlinear Uncertain Systems,” John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, 1998.
[32]	M. M. Gupta and T. Yamakawa, “Fuzzy Computing: Theory, Hardware, and Applications,” North-Holland, 1988.
[33]	Kandel, Abraham, and G. Langholz, “Fuzzy Control Systems,” CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1994.
[34]	E. Fossas and G. Olivar, “Study of Chaos in the Buck Converter,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Fundamental Theory and Applications, Vol. 43, No. 1, 1996, pp. 13-25.
[35]	M. Grossoni and G. Cimador, “A Selective Supervision Device for Paralleling Operating AC/DC and DC/DC Converters,” 5th International Telecommunications Energy Conference, INTELEC’83. 1983, pp. 587-593.
[36]	S. Gutman, “Uncertain Dynamical Systems—A Lyapunov Min-Max Approach,” IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, Vol. 24, No. 3, 1979, pp. 437-443. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TAC.1979.1102073
[37]	D. C. Hamill, J. H. B. Deane and D. J. Jefferies, “Modeling of Chaotic DC-DC Converters by Iterated Nonlinear Mappings,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 7, No. 1, 1992, pp. 25-36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/63.124574
[38]	S. K. Mazumder, A. H. Nayfeh and D. Boroyevich, “Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of the Fastand Slow-Scale Instabilities of a DC-DC Converter,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 16, No. 2, 2001, pp. 201-216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/63.911144
[39]	C. K. Tse, “Flip Bifurcation and Chaos in Three-State Boost Switching Regulators,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Fundamental Theory and Applications, Vol. 41, No. 1, 1994, pp. 16-23.
[40]	J. R. Wood, “Chaos: A Real Phenomenon in Power Electronics,” Proceedings of 4th Annual IEEE on Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, Baltimore, 13-17 March 1989, pp. 115-124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/APEC.1989.36959
[41]	R.-H. Wu, T. Kohama, Y. Kodera, T. Ninomiya and F. Ihara, “Load-Current-Sharing Control for Parallel Operation of DC-to-DC Converters,” 24th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, Seattle, 20-24 June 1993, pp. 101-107.
[42]	B. Tomescu and H. F. VanLandingham, “Improved LargeSignal Performance of Paralleled DC-DC Converters Current Sharing,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 14, No. 3, 1999, pp. 573-577. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/63.761701
[43]	R. Marino and P. Tomei, “Nonlinear Control Design: Geometric, Adaptive and Robust,” Prentice Hall International (UK) Ltd., 1996.
[44]	B. Khasawneh, M. Sabra and M. Zohdy, “Power Converters Variable Structure Control Surface Design,” 3rd International Conference on Electric Power and Energy Conversion Systems (EPECS’13), August 2013, Article ID: 167-55397.