Stroke in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients admitted to emergency unit in Central African country (Congo): Preliminary findings

Abstract

Background: The cardiovascular risk factors including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are a public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence and factors associated with stroke in T2DM patients admitted to the emergency Unit in Brazzaville. Patients and Methods: This is the preliminary findings of a cross-sectional study including patients with T2DM, admitted in Emergency Unit of University Hospital of Brazzaville from January to April 2011. One hundred and seven patients were included. Sex ratio was 1.5. Results: The mean age was 60.3 ± 10.2 years (range 40 - 80 years). Stroke story was noted in 5 cases (4.6%). The main pathologies were metabolic complications (n = 51; 47.6%) and cardiovascular diseases (n = 36; 33.6%), dominated by stroke (17 cases). Epidemiological factors associated with stroke were high standard living (OR = 3, 95% CI: 1.02 - 8.9, p = 0.03), polypharmacy (OR = 3.7, 95% CI: 1.27 - 10.8, p = 0.01), previous hospitalization (OR = 3.1, 95% CI: 1.07 - 8.9, p = 0.03), and the absence of antiplatelet therapy (OR = 4.2, 95% CI 1.2 to 15, p = 0.03). Clinical associated factors were coma (OR = 3.3, 95% CI 1.14 to 9.6, p = 0.02) and the presence of severe hypertension (OR = 4, 95% CI: 1.2 - 12, p = 0.02). Finally, prognostic factors were the transfer in intensive care unit (OR = 9.8, 95% CI: 2.7 - 34, p < 0.001). Conclusion: The first cardiovascular complication in patients with T2DM admitted in emergency at University Hospital of Brazzaville is stroke. Primary prevention in high-risk patients is still inadequate.

Share and Cite:

Ellenga-Mbolla, B. , Monabeka, H. , Ossou-Nguiet, P. , Otiobanda, G. , Guimbi, K. , Gombet, T. , Kimbally-Kaky, S. and Mbenza, B. (2013) Stroke in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients admitted to emergency unit in Central African country (Congo): Preliminary findings. Journal of Diabetes Mellitus, 3, 208-213. doi: 10.4236/jdm.2013.34032.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1] Mbanya, J.C., Motala, A.A., Sobngwi, E., Assah, F.K. and Enoru, S.T. (2010) Diabetes in sub-Saharan Africa. Lancet, 375, 2254-2266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60550-8
[2] Sagui, E. (2007) Stroke in sub Saharan Africa. Médecine Tropicale, 67, 596-600.
[3] Longo-Mbenza, B., Mombo Ngimbi, R., Vangu Ngoma, D., Mbungu Fuele, S. and Buassa-bu-Tsumbu, B. (2008) Risk factors of stroke in blacks congolese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Annales de Cardiologie et d’Angéologie, 57, 37-43.
[4] Gning, S.B., Thiam, M., Fall, F., Ba-Fall, K., Mbaye, P.S. and Fourcade L. (2007) Diabetes mellitus in sub Saharan Africa: Epidemiological aspects and management issues. Médecine Tropicale, 67, 607-611.
[5] Chin, J.H. (2012) Stroke in Sub-Saharan Africa: An urgent call for prevention. Neurology, 78, 1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e318248df95
[6] Gombet, T.R., Ellenga Mbolla, B.F., Ikama, M.S., Ekoba, J. and Kimbally-Kaky G. (2009) Cost of emergency cardiovascular care at the university hospital center in Brazzaville, Congo. Médecine Tropicale, 69, 45-47.
[7] Longo-Mbenza, B., Lelo Tshinkwela, M. and Mbuilu Pukuta, J. (2008) Rates and predictors of stroke-associated case fatality in Black Central African Patients. Cardiovascular journal of Africa, 19, 72-76.
[8] Tuei, V.C., Maiyoh, G.K. and Ha, C.E. (2010) Type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity in sub-Saharan Africa. Diabetes and Metabolic Research and Review, 26, 433-445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ dmrr.1106
[9] Djrolo, Fr., Amoussou-Guenou, D., Wanvoegbe, A. and Glitho, S. (2011) Diabète sucré à tendance cétosique à Cotonou. Louvain Médical, 130, 97-98.
[10] Longo Mbenza, B., Ndungo Kidinda, F., Buassa-Bu-Tsumbu, B., Mbungu Fuele, S. and Vunga Ngoma, D. (2009) Epidemiological and clinical profil of diabetic foot in General Hospital of Kinshasa. Médecine d’Afrique Noire, 56, 401-409.
[11] Monabeka, H.G. and Nsakala Kibangou, N. (2001) Epidemiological and clinical aspects of diabetic foot (CHU Brazzaville). Bulletin de la Société de Pathologie Exotique, 94, 246-248.
[12] Arboix, A., Milian, M., Oliveres, M., Garcia-Eroles, L. and Massons, J. (2006) Impact of female gender on prognosis in type 2 diabetic patients with ischemic stroke. European Neurology, 56, 6-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000094249
[13] Ellenga Mbolla, B.F., Gombet, T.R., Mahoungou Guimbi, K.C., Otiobanda, G.F., Ikama, M.S., Kimbally-Kaky, G. and Etitiele, F. (2011) Hypertensives emergencies in University hospital of Brazzaville (Congo). Médecine Tropicale, 71, 97-98.
[14] Ossou-Nguiet, P.M., Otiobanda, G.F., Obondzo Aloba, K., Ellenga Mbolla, B.F., Bandzouzi-Damba, B. and Makosso, E. (2013) Contribution of CT scan on epidemiology and management of stroke in a Central African country. International Journal of Stroke, 8, E27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ijs.12118
[15] Gombet, Th., Ellenga Mbolla, B.F., Ikama, M.S., Okiemy, G. and Etitiele, F. (2007) Cardiovascular emergencies at Teaching Hospital of Brazzaville. Médecine d’Afrique Noire, 54, 505-511.
[16] Lloyd, C.E. and Barnett, A.H. (2008) Physical activity and risk of diabetes. Lancet, 371, 5-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60044-6
[17] Feigin, V.L. and Krishnamurthi, R. (2011) Stroke prevention in the developing world. Stroke, 42, 3655-3658. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.110.596858

Copyright © 2024 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc.

Creative Commons License

This work and the related PDF file are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.