Using UPFC and IPFC Devices Located by a Hybrid Meta-Heuristic Approach to Congestion Relief

Hamid Iranmanesh, Masoud Rashidi-Nejad

Islamic Azad University, Jiroft Branch, Jiroft, Iran.

DOI: 10.4236/epe.2013.57051                

Abstract

This paper proposes new methodology for the placement of FACTS devices in transmission systems to reduce congestion. Congestion management comprises congestion relief and congestion cost. The traditional approach to remedying congestion lies in reinforcing the system with additional transmission capacity. Although still feasible, this approach is becoming more and more complex and it is often challenged by the public [1]. Congestion relief can be handled by using FACTS devices, where transmission capability may be improved. Congestion relief using FACTS devices requires a two step approach: first, the optimal location of these devices in the network and then, the settings of their control parameters. UPFC and IPFC have full dynamic control on the transmission parameters, voltage, line impedance and phase angle. Real Genetic Algorithm (RGA) optimization technique is used to solve this congestion relief problem while analytical hierarchy process (AHP) with fuzzy sets is implemented to evaluate RGA fitness function. The results are obtained for modified IEEE 5 bus Test System.

Keywords

Congestion Relief; RGA; AHP; Fuzzy Sets; UPFC; IPFC

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	R. Grunbaun, P. Lundberg, G. Stromberg and B. Berggren, “Congestion Relief FACTS: The Key to Congestion Relief,” ABB Review, Vol. 2, 2007, pp. 28-32.
[2]	Y. H. Song and X. Wang, “Operation of Market-Oriented Power System,” Springer, Berlin, 2003.
[3]	K. Singh, N. P. Padhy and J. Sharma, “Influence of Price Responsive Demand Shifting Bidding on Congestion and LMP in Pool-Based Day-Ahead Electricity Markets,” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 26, No. 2, 2011, pp. 886-896. doi:10.1109/TPWRS.2010.2070813
[4]	M. Esmaili, N. Amjady and H. A. Shayanfar, “MultiObjective Congestion Management by Modified Augmented ε-Constraint Method,” Applied Energy, Vol. 88, No. 3, 2011, pp. 755-766. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2010.09.014
[5]	M. Mandala and C. P. Gupta, “Congestion Management by Optimal Placement of FACTS Device,” Power Electronics, Drives and Energy Systems (PEDES) & 2010 Power India, New Delhi, 20-23 December 2010, pp. 1-7.
[6]	M. Joorabian, M. Saniei and H. Sepahvand, “Locating and Parameters Setting of TCSC for Congestion Management in Deregulated Electricity Market,” 2011 6th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA), Beijing, 21-23 June 2011, pp. 2185-2190.
[7]	K. S. Verma, S. N. Singh, et al., “Location of UPFC for Congestion Management,” Electric Power System Research, Vol. 58, No. 2, 2001, pp. 89-96.
[8]	N. A. Hosseinipoor and S. M. H. Nabavi, “Social Welfare Maximization by Optimal Locating and Sizing of TCSC for Congestion Management in Deregulated Power Markets,” 2010 International Conference on Power System Technology (POWERCON), Hangzhou, 24-28 October 2010, pp. 1-5. doi:10.1109/POWERCON.2010.5666042
[9]	C. Bulac, M. Eremaia, R. Balaurescu and V. Stefanescu, “Load Flow Management in the Interconnected Power Systems Using UPFC Devices,” 2003 IEEE Bologna Power Tech Conference, Bologna, 23-26 June 2003. doi:10.1109/PTC.2003.1304360
[10]	Y. K. Zhang, Y. Zhang and C. Chen, “A Novel Power Injection Model of IPFC for Power Flow Analysis Inclusive of Practical Constraints,” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 21, No. 5, 2006, pp. 1550-1556. doi:10.1109/TPWRS.2006.882458
[11]	E. Acha, C. R. F. Esquivel, H. A. Pérez and C. A. Camacho, “FACTS: Modelling and Simulation in Power Networks,” John Wiley & Sons Ltd., England, 2004.
[12]	A. M. Shan Jiang Gole, U. D. Annakkage and D. A. Jacobson, “Damping Performance Analysis of IPFC and UPFC Controllers Using Validated Small-Signal Models,” IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 26, No. 1, 2011, pp. 446-454. doi:10.1109/TPWRD.2010.2060371
[13]	D. E. Goldberg, “Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization and Machine Learning,” Addison-Wesley Longman, Boston, 1989.
[14]	S. Sen, S. Chanda, S. Sengupta, A. Chakrabarti and A. De, “Alleviation of Line Congestion Using Multiobjective Particle Swarm Optimization,” 2011 International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Informatics (ICEEI), Bandung, 17-19 July 2011, pp. 1-5. doi:10.1109/ICEEI.2011.6021544
[15]	L.-X. Wang, “A Course in Fuzzy Systems and Control,” Chapter 2, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, 1997.
[16]	T. L. Satty, “A Scaling Method for Method for Priorities in Hierarchical Structure,” Journal of Math Psychology, Vol. 15, No. 3, 1997, pp. 234-281. doi:10.1016/0022-2496(77)90033-5
[17]	W. Ossadnik and O. Lange, “Theory and Methodology, AHP-Based Evaluation of AHP-Software,” European Journal of Operational Research, Vol. 118, No. 3, 1999, pp. 578-588. doi:10.1016/S0377-2217(98)00321-X
[18]	A. S. Nayak and M. A. Pai, “Congestion Management in Restructured Power Systems Using an Optimal Power Flow Framework,” Master Thesis and Project Report, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, PSERC Publication, Tempe, 2002, pp. 2-23.