Investigation of Ground Frequency Characteristics

Abstract

Four-electrode method is one of the well-known methods in measuring ground resistivity. But, most faults currents and lightning currents have high frequencies components. It is proposed to develop this method to study ground frequency characteristics. A step like current was injected into ground to measure the ground impedance. The ground impedance is assumed to be frequency dependent parallel resistance/capacitance. Two equations were proved to estimate ground resistivity and permittivity from four-electrode method. An analytical model was proposed to model studied cases. The four electrodes are divided to equal spheres and complex image method had been used to satisfy the boundary conditions and penetration depth effects. The calculated results show good agreement with the measured results.

Share and Cite:

M. Nayel, "Investigation of Ground Frequency Characteristics," Journal of Electromagnetic Analysis and Applications, Vol. 5 No. 8, 2013, pp. 322-327. doi: 10.4236/jemaa.2013.58050.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1] IEEE Power & Energy Society, “IEEE Draft Guide for Measuring Earth Resistivity, Ground Impedance, and Earth Surface Potentials of a Grounding System,” IEEE Standards 81-1983, 2012.
[2] N. M. Nor, A. Haddad and H. Griffiths, “Performance of Earthing Systems of Low Resistivity Soils,” IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 21, No. 4, 2006, pp. 2039-2047. doi:10.1109/TPWRD.2006.874656
[3] B. Anggoro, N. I. Sinisuka and P. M. Pakpahan, “Resistivity and Dielectric Constant Characteristic of Soil If are Treated by Water, Salt and Carbon,” 8th International Conference on Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials, Bali, June 2006, pp. 893-896.
[4] S. Visacro and R. Alipio, “Frequency Dependence of Soil Parameters: Experimental Results, Predicting Formula and Influence on the Lightning Response of Grounding Electrodes,” IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 27, No. 2, 2012, pp. 927-935. doi:10.1109/TPWRD.2011.2179070
[5] A. G. Pedrosa, M. A. O. Shroeder, M. M. Afonso, R. S. Alípio, S. de Castro Assis, T. A. S. Oliveira and A. R. Braga, “Transient Response of Grounding Electrodes for the Frequency-Dependence of Soil Parameters,” 2010 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition: Latin America (T&D-LA), Sao Paulo, 8-10 November 2010, pp. 839-845.
[6] I. F. Gonos, A. X. Moronis and I. A. Stathopulos, “Variation of Soil Resistivity and Ground Resistance during the Year,” 28th International Conference on Lightning Protection, Kanazawa, 17-21 September 2006, pp. 740-744.
[7] IEEE Power & Energy Society, “IEEE Guide for Safety in AC Substation Grounding,” ANSI/IEEE Standard 80-2000, 2000.
[8] F. Kraus, “Electromagnetics with Applications,” 5th Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1999.
[9] M. Nayel, “Investigation of Wave Propagation Penetration Depth in Multi-Layer Ground,” IEEJ Transactions on Power and Energy, Vol. 132, No. 8, 2012, pp. 1-6. doi:10.1541/ieejpes.132.728

Copyright © 2024 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc.

Creative Commons License

This work and the related PDF file are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.