Water budgets for freshwater aquaculture ponds with reference to effluent volume

K. K. Sharma, B. C. Mohapatra, P. C. Das, Bikash Sarkar, S. Chand

Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar, India.
Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar, India;.

DOI: 10.4236/as.2013.48051                

Abstract

This paper presents the consumptive water use for freshwater pond aquaculture for semi-intensive carps farming practices. The consumptive use of water includes evaporation loss, seepage loss and water exchanges requirements. The water requirement has been estimated to be10.3 m³/Kg of fish production under present study for semi-intensive culture and with supplemental feeding. Out of which7.6 m³/Kg of fish production is system associated requirement. On an average the evaporation loss from the pond is1498.3 mm/year and seepage loss per year is about1182.60 mm/year. Seepage and water exchange losses recharge the ground water aquifers and if they are treated and recycled, the water use in aquaculture can be reduced significantly. A further reduction in fresh water use in pond aquaculture is possible through development of intensive and superintensive culture systems and aqua feeds.

Keywords

Water Budgets; Freshwater Aquaculture; Ponds; Carps; Seepage; Pond Evaporation

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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