Production of Iron from Mill Scale Industrial Waste via Hydrogen

Abstract


Mill scale is very attractive industrial waste due to its richness in iron (about = 72% Fe). In this paper, the characterizations of mill scale were studied by different methods of analyses. The produced mill scale briquettes were reduced with hydrogen at varying temperatures, and the reduction kinetics was determined. Two models were applied and the energy of activation was calculated.


Share and Cite:

N. Gaballah, A. Zikry, M. Khalifa, A. Farag, N. El-Hussiny and M. Shalabi, "Production of Iron from Mill Scale Industrial Waste via Hydrogen," Open Journal of Inorganic Non-metallic Materials, Vol. 3 No. 3, 2013, pp. 23-28. doi: 10.4236/ojinm.2013.33005.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1] M. C. Bagatini, V. Zymla, E. Osório and A. C. F. Vilela, “Characterization and Reduction Behavior of Mill Scale,” Isij International, Vol. 51, No. 7, 2011, pp. 1072-1079.
[2] O. Benchiheub, S. Mechachti, S. Serrai and M. G. Khalifa, “Elaboration of Iron Powder from Mill Scale,” Journal of Materials and Environmental Science, Vol. 1, No. 4, 2010, pp. 267-276.
[3] S. Cho and J. Lee, “Metal Recovery from Stainless Steel Mill Scale by Microwave Heating,” Metals and Materials International, Vol. 14, No. 2, 2008, pp. 193-196, 2005-4149.
[4] A. M. Fleischanderl, “Managing Steel Wastes and By-Products: Crisis and Opportunity,” Gorham/Intertech’s 13th International Iron and Steel Development Forum, Antwerp, 11-14 May 1998, pp. 45-50.
[5] Y.-K. Cho, “Making Method for Ferrite Used Mill Scales,” Patent Kr 9103783, June 1991.
[6] D. Osing, “Reuse of Metallurgical Fines,” Patent Wo 96/ 31630, 1996.
[7] A. Fleischanderl, J. Pesl and W. Gerbert, “Aspect of Recycling of Steelworks By-Products through the Bof,” Seaisi Quarterly, Vol. 28, No. 2, 1999, pp. 51-60.
[8] A. Poulalion, “Process of Recycling Mill Scale of Alloyed Steel in an Electric Furnace into a Ferro-Silicon Product,” Patent Ep 1122319, 2001.
[9] N. A. El-Hussiny, F. M. Mohamed and M. E. H. Shalabi, “Recycling of Mill Scale in Sintering Process,” Since of Sintering, Vol. 43, No. 1, 2011, pp. 21-31.
[10] S. Keshaarysingh and T. Krishnan, “Reduction Kinetics of Iron Ore Pellets and the Effect of Binders,” Thesis of Bachelor of Technology in Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering National Institute of Technology Rourkela, 2008.
[11] E. Kawasaki, J. Sanscrainte and T. J. Walsh, “Kinetics of Reduction of Iron Oxide with Carbon Monoxide and Hydrogen,” AIChE Journal, Vol. 8, No. 1, 1962, pp. 48-52. doi:10.1002/aic.690080114
[12] K. Mayer, “Pelletization Of Iron Ores,” Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg 1980.
[13] N. A. El-Hussiny and M. E. H. Shalabi, “A Self-Reduced Intermediate Product from Iron and Steel Plant Waste Material Using a Briquetting Process,” Powder Technology, Vol. 205, No. 1-3, 2011, pp. 217-223. doi:10.1016/j.powtec.2010.09.017
[14] S. J. Mangena and V. M. Du Cann, “Binderless Briquetting of Some Selected South African Prim Coking, Blend Coking and Weathered Bituminous Coals and the Effect of Coal Properties on Binderless Briquetting,” International Journal Of Coal Geology, Vol. 71, No. 2, 2007, 303-312.
[15] F. M. Mohamed, Y. M. Z. Ahmed and M. E. H. Shalabi, “Briquetting of Waste Manganese Ore Sinter Fine Using Different Binding Materials,” Environmental Issues and Waste Management in Energy and Mineral Production Swemp, 2004, pp. 567-573.
[16] O. G. Ingles, “Microstructure in Binderless Briquetting, Agglomeration,” Interscience Publishers, New York, 1962, pp. 29-53.
[17] M. E. Shalabi, “The kinetics of reduction of Baharia iron ores with hydrogen on static bed,” M.Sc., El-Tabbin Metallurgical Institute for Higher Studies, 1973.
[18] S. A. Sayed, G. M. Khalifa, E. S. R. El-Faramawy and M. E. H. Shalabi, “Kinetic Reduction of Low Manganes Iron Ore by Hydrogen,” Egyptian Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 45, No. 1, 2002, pp.47-66.
[19] S. A. Sayed, M. G. Khalifa, E. S. R. El-Faramawy and M. E. H. Shalabi, “Reductions Kinetic of El-Baharia Iron Ore in a Static Bed,” Gospodarka Surowcami Mineranymi, Vol. 17, Special Issue, 2001, pp. 241-245.
[20] M. E. H. Shalabi, O. A. Mohamed, N. A. Abdel-Khalek and N. A. El-Hussiny, “The Influence of Reduced Sponge Iron Addition on the Quality of Produced Iron Ore Sinter,” Proceeding of the XXIMPC, Aachen, 21-26 September 1997, pp. 362-376.
[21] N. A. El-Hussiny, N. A. Abdel-Khalek, M. B. Morsi, O. A. Mohamed, M. E. H. Shalabi and A. M. Baeka, “Influence of Water Amount Added on the Sintering Process of Egyptian Iron Ore,” Gornictwo, Vol. 231, 1996, pp. 93-115.
[22] Y. M. Wang and Z. F. Yuan, “Reductive Kinetics of the Reaction between a Natural Ilmenite and Carbon,” International Journal of Mineral Processing, Vol. 81, No. 3, 2006, pp. 133-140. doi:10.1016/j.minpro.2006.07.010
[23] L. L. C. Amci, S. U. Aydin and C. U. Arslan, “Reduction of Iron Oxides in Solid Wastes Generated by Steelworks,” Turkish Journal of Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Vol. 26, No. 1, 2002, pp. 37-44.
[24] A. I. Sabry, A. N. Mahdy and M. F. Abadir, “Thermal Decomposition of MnCO3 in Air,” Thermochimica Acta, Vol. 98, No. 1, 1986, pp. 269-276. doi:10.1016/0040-6031(86)87097-6

Copyright © 2024 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc.

Creative Commons License

This work and the related PDF file are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.