[1]
|
Akester, A. (1960) The comparative anatomy of the respiratory pathways in the domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus), pigeon (Columba livia) and domestic duck (Anas platyrhyncha). Journal of Anatomy, 4, 487-505.
|
[2]
|
King, A.S. (1966) Structural and functional aspects of the avian lungs and air sacs. International Review of General and Experimental Zoology, 2, 171-267.
|
[3]
|
Fedde, M.R. (1998) Relationship of structure and function of the avian respiratory system to disease susceptibility. Poultry Science, 77, 1130-1138.
|
[4]
|
Scheid, P. and Piiper, J. (1971) Direct measurement of the pathway of respired gas in duck lungs. Respiration Physiology, 11, 308-314.
doi:10.1016/0034-5687(71)90004-1
|
[5]
|
Kuethe, D. (1988) Fluid mechanical valving of air flow in bird lungs. The Journal of Experimental Biology, 136, 1-12.
|
[6]
|
Schmidt-Nielsen, K. (2007) Animal physiology: Adaptation and environment. 5th Edition, University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo, 37-42 (in Japanese).
|
[7]
|
Tucker, V. (1968) Respiratory physiology of house sparrows in relation to high-altitude flight. The Journal of Experimental Biology, 48, 55-66.
|
[8]
|
Wang, N., Banzett, R., Ntions, C. and Jenkins, F. (1992) An aerodynamic valve in the avian primaty bronchus. The Journal of Experimental Zoology, 262, 441-445.
doi:10.1002/jez.1402620411
|
[9]
|
Maina, J.N. and Africa, M. (2000) Inspiratory aerodynamic valving in the avian lung: Functional morphology of the extrapulmonary primary bronchus. The Journal of Experimental Biology, 203, 2865-2876.
|
[10]
|
Wang, N., Banzett, R., Butler, J. and Fredberg, J. (1988) Bird lung models show that convective inertia effects inspiratory aerodynamic valving. Respiration Physiology, 73, 111-124. doi:10.1016/0034-5687(88)90131-4
|
[11]
|
Brown, R., Kovacs, C., Butler, J., Wang, N., Lehr, J. and Banzett, R. (1995) The avian lung: Is there an aerodynamic expiratory valve? The Journal of Experimental Biology, 198, 2349-2357.
|
[12]
|
Maina, J.N., Singh, P. and Moss, E. (2009) Inspiratory aerodynamic valving occurs in the ostrich, struthio camelus lung: A computational fluid dynamics study under resting unsteady state inhalation. Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology, 169, 262-270.
doi:10.1016/j.resp.2009.09.011
|
[13]
|
Sakai, E., Watanabe, T. and Himeno, T. (2005) Oscillatory flow structure and unidirectional flow in model avian bifurcation. Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series B, 71, 2083-2091 (in Japanese).
|
[14]
|
Sakai, E., Watanabe, T. and Himeno, T. (2006) Numerical study on mass transport enhancement in oscillatory flow of avian lung model. Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series B, 72, 72-80 (in Japanese).
|
[15]
|
Sakai, E., Watanabe, T. and Himeno, T. (2010) Numerical study on oscillatory flow in multi-bifurcation of avian lung model. Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series B, 76, 86-93 (in Japanese).
|
[16]
|
Brackenbury, J. (1972) Lung-air-sac anatomy and respiratory pressures in the bird. The Journal of Experimental Biology, 57, 543-550.
|
[17]
|
Brackenbury, J., Darby, C. and El-Sayed, M. (1989) Respiratory function in exercising fowl following occlusion of the thoracic sir sacs. The Journal of Experimental Biology, 145, 227-237.
|
[18]
|
Brackenbury, J. and Amaku, J. (1990) Respiratory responses of domestic fowl to hyperthermia following selective air sac occlusions. Experimental Physiology, 75, 391-400.
|
[19]
|
Gilbert, P.W. (1939) The avian lung and air-sac system. The Auk, 56, 57-63. doi:10.2307/4078361
|
[20]
|
Scheid, P. and Piiper, J. (1989) Respiratory mechanics and air flow in birds. In: King, A.S. and McLelland, J., Eds., Form and Function in Birds, Academic Press, London, 369-391.
|
[21]
|
Russel, S.M. (2003) The effect of airsacculitis on bird weights, uniformity, fecal contamination, processing errors, and populations of Campylobacter spp. and Escherichia coli. Poultry Science, 82, 1326-1331.
|
[22]
|
Fletcher, O.J., Anderson, D.P. and Kleven, S.H. (1976) Histology of air sac lesions induced in chickens by contact exposure to Mycoplasma synoviae. Veterinary Pathology, 13, 303-314.
|
[23]
|
Fletcher, O.J., Fairchild, S.E., Smith, F.G. and Trampel, D.P. (1984) Microcomputer-assisted morphometric analysis of airsacculitis caused by Mycoplasma gallisepticum in immunised and nonimmunised chickens. Avian Pathology, 13, 545-560. doi:10.1080/03079458408418554
|
[24]
|
Ficken, M.D. and Barnes, H.J. (1989) Acute airsacculitis in turkeys inoculated with Pasteurella multocida. Veterinary Pathology, 26, 231-237.
doi:10.1177/030098588902600307
|
[25]
|
Yokota, T., Shibahara, T., Wada, Y., Hiraki, R., Ishikawa, Y. and Kadota, K. (2004) Aspergillus fumigatus infection in an ostrich (Struthio camelus). The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 66, 201-204.
doi:10.1292/jvms.66.201
|
[26]
|
Shankar, B.P. (2008) Common respiratory diseases of poultry. Veterinary World, 7, 217-219.
|
[27]
|
McLelland, J. (1991) A color atlas of avian anatomy. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, 95-119.
|
[28]
|
Maina, J.N. (2005) The lung air-sac system of birds: Development, structure and function. Springer, Heidelberg.
|
[29]
|
Maina, J.N. (2007) Spectacularly robust! Tensegrity principle explains the mechanical strength of the avian lung. Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology, 155, 1-10.
doi:10.1016/j.resp.2006.05.005
|
[30]
|
West, J., Watson, R. and Fu, Z. (2007) The human lung: Did evolution get it wrong? European Respiratory Journal, 29, 11-17. doi:10.1183/09031936.00133306
|
[31]
|
Jones, J.H., Effmann, E.L. and Schmidt-Nielsen, K. (1985) Lung volume changes during respiration in ducks. Espiratory Physiology, 59, 15-25.
|
[32]
|
Makanya, A. and Djonv, V. (2008) Development and spatial organization of the air conduits in the lung of the domestic fowl, Gallus gallus variant domesticus. Microscopy Research and Technique, 71, 689-702.
doi:10.1002/jemt.20608
|
[33]
|
Onuk, B., Hazitoglu, M. and Kabak, M. (2009) Gross anatomy of the respiratory system in goose (Anser anser domesticus): Bronchi and sacci pneumatici. Ankara Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 56, 165-170.
|
[34]
|
OpenFOAM User Guide (2011) Version 2.0.0.
|
[35]
|
Calder, W. and Schmidt-Nielsen, K. (1967) Temperature regulation and evaporation in the pigeon and the roadrunner. American Journal of Physiology, 213, 883-889.
|
[36]
|
Womersley, J.R. (1955) Method for the calculation of velocity, rate of flow and viscous drag in arteries when the pressure gradient is known. The Journal of Physiology, 127, 553-563.
|
[37]
|
Scheid, P. and Piiper, J. (1969) Volume, ventilation and compliance of the respiratory system in the domestic fowl. Respiration Physiology, 6, 298-308.
doi:10.1016/0034-5687(69)90029-2
|
[38]
|
Bouverot, P. and Dejours, P. (1971) Pathway of respired gas in the air sacs-lung apparatus of fowl and ducks. Respiration Physiology, 13, 330-342.
doi:10.1016/0034-5687(71)90037-5
|
[39]
|
Bretz, W.L. and Schmidt-Nielsen, K. (1972) The movement of gas in the respiratory system of the duck. The Journal of Experimental Biology, 56, 57-65.
|
[40]
|
Cohn, J. and Shannon, R. (1968) Respiration in unanesthetized geese. Respiration Physiology, 5, 259-268.
doi:10.1016/0034-5687(68)90064-9
|
[41]
|
Perry, S.F. and Duncker, H.R. (1980) Interrelationship of static mechanical factors and anatomical structure in lung evolution. Journal of Comparative Physiology B: Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology, 138, 321- 334. doi:10.1007/BF00691567
|