The Relationship between Bone Mineral Density and Dietary Intake in Moroccan Children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

A. Hassani, S. Rostom, D. El Badri, I. Bouaadi, A. Barakat, B. Chkirat, K. Elkari, R. Bahiri, B. Amine, N. Hajjaj-Hassouni

Department of nutrition, University ibn tofa?l, Faculty of science of kenitra, Kenitra, Morocco.
Department of Pediatrics, Hospital of children, University Hospital of Rabat-Sale, Rabat, Morocco.
Department of Rheumatology, El Eyachi Hospital, University Hospital of Rabat-Sale, Sale, Morocco.

DOI: 10.4236/ijcm.2012.35075                

Abstract

Background and objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between dietary intake and bone mineral density in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Methods: A cross-sectional study carried out in Morocco between May 2010 and June 2011, covering out patients with JIA. The characteristics of patients were collected. The nutritional status was assessed by a food questionnaire including data of food intake during 7 consecutive days using 24-hour dietary recall. Food intake was quantified using the software Bilnut (Bilnut version 2.01, 1991). Bone mineral density (BMD in g/cm²) was measured by DXA method (X-ray absorptiometry) on a Lunar Prodigy. Results: The study consisted of 33 patients with JIA (4 - 16 years old). The median age of patients was 10.4 ± 4.3 years. Median disease duration was 2 (1 - 4.5) years. The group of patients with low dietary intake of proteins was associated with low BMD (p = 0.03). Low BMD was related with low intake of magnesium (p = 0.007) and vitamin C (p = 0.04) in children aged between 4 and 9 years. Low intake of vitamin E and folate was associated with high BMD in the other range of children (p < 0.001). Conclusion: This study suggests that low intake of protein and of some micronutrients (magnesium, vitamin C, vitamin E and folate) influence bone mass in children with JIA. Prospective studies with a larger number of patients seem to be necessary in order to confirm our findings.

Keywords

Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis; Macronutrients; Vitamins; Trace Elements; Bone Mineral Density

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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