Investigation on Microorganisms and their Degradation Efficiency in Paper and Pulp Mill Effluent

Radhakrishnan Saraswathi, Manghatai Kesavan Saseetharan

.

DOI: 10.4236/jwarp.2010.27076                

Abstract

Paper and pulp mill is a source of major pollution generating industry leaving huge amount of intensely colored effluent to the receiving end. Rapid increase of population and the increased demand for industrial establishments to meet human needs have created problems such as over exploitation of available resources, increased pollution taking place on land, air and water environment. The intention of this research paper is to identify predominant bacteria and fungi in paper and pulp mill effluent in addition to evaluate the degradation efficiency of individual isolates and combination of isolates. Treatment efficiency of individual isolates and combination of isolates are evaluated by shake flask method. Combination of Pseudomonas Alkaligenes, Bacillus subtilis along with Trichoderma reesei shows higher BOD, COD reduction of 99% and 85% respectively. As individual isolates Pseudomonas Alkaligenes show 92% BOD reduction and 77% COD reduction over other bacterial isolates and Trichoderma reesei removed 99% BOD and 80% COD respectively.

Keywords

Water Resource and Protection, Microorganisms, Degradation, Bacteria, Fungi, BOD, COD, Treatment Efficiency

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	P. C. Prabu and C. Udayasoorian, “Decolorization and Degradation of Phenolic Paper Mill Effluent by Native White Rot Fungus Phanerochaete Chyysosporium,” Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, Vol. 4, No. 1, 2005, pp. 60- 63.
[2]	S. Prasongsuk, P. Lotrakul, T. Imai and H. Punnapayak, “Decolourization of Pulp Mill Wastewater Using Ther-motolerant White Rot Fungi,” Science Asia, Vol. 35, 2009, pp. 37-41.
[3]	A. P. Buzzini, M. A. Nolasco, A. M. Springer and E. C. Pires, “Evaluation of Aerobic and Anaerobic Treatment of Kraft Pulp Mill Effluent for Organochlorines Removal,” Water Practice & Technology, Vol. 1, No. 3, 2006.
[4]	P. Singh and I. S. Thakur, “Removal of Color and Detox-ification of Pulp Mill Effluent by Microorganisms in Two Step Bioreactor,” Journal of Scientific & Industrial Re-search, Vol. 63, No. 11, 2004, pp. 944-948.
[5]	P. L. de Oliveira, C. T. D. Marta, A. N. Ponezi, L. R. Durrant, “Use of Bacillus Pumilus CBMAI 0008 and Paenibacillus SP.CBMAI 868 for Color Removal from Paper Mill Effluent,” Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, Vol. 40, No. 2, 2009, pp. 354-357.
[6]	P. Reddy, V. L. Pillay and A. K. S. Singh, “Degradation of Paper and Pulp Mill Effluent by Thermophilic Micro-organisms Using Batch Systems,” Water SA, Vol. 31, No. 4, 2005.
[7]	N. Ruiz-ORDAZ, J. C. Ruiz-Lagunez, J. H. Castanon- Gonzalez, E. Hernandez-Manzano, E. Cristiani-Urbina and J. Galindez-Mayer, “Phenol Biodegradation Using a Repeated Batch Culture of Candida Tropicalis in a Mul-tistage Bubble Column,” Reviate Latinoamericana de Microbiologia, Vol. 43, 2001, pp. 19-25.
[8]	K. Avita, Marihal, K. S. Jagadeesh and S. Sinha, “Biode-gradation of PCP by the Rhizobacteria Isolated from Pentachlorophenol-Tolerant Crop Species,” International Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering, Vol. 1, No. 4, 2009, pp. 189-193.
[9]	R. Nagarathnama and P. Bajpai, “Decolorization and Detoxification of Extraction-Stage Effluent from Chlorine Bleaching of Kraft Pulp by Rhizopus Oryzae,” Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Vol. 65, No. 3, 1999, pp. 1078-1082.
[10]	APHA, AWWA, WPCF, “Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater”, 20th Edition, American Public Health Association, Washington, D.C., 1995.
[11]	P. Sharma, L. Singh and N. Dilbaghi, “Biodegradation of Orange II Dye by Phanerochaete Chrysosporium in Si-mulated Wastewater,” Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research, Vol. 68, 2009, pp. 157-161.