A Multi-Agent Approach to Arabic Handwritten Text Segmentation

Abstract

The segmentation of individual words into characters is a vital process in handwritten character recognition systems. In this paper, a novel approach is proposed to segment handwritten Arabic text (words). We consider the “Naskh” font style. The segmentation algorithm employs seven agents in order to detect regions where segmentation is illegal. Feature points (end points) are extracted from the remaining regions of the word-image. Initially, the middle of every two successive end points is considered as a candidate segmentation point based on a set of rules. The experimental results are very promising as we achieved a success rate of 86%.

Share and Cite:

A. Elnagar and R. Bentrcia, "A Multi-Agent Approach to Arabic Handwritten Text Segmentation," Journal of Intelligent Learning Systems and Applications, Vol. 4 No. 3, 2012, pp. 207-215. doi: 10.4236/jilsa.2012.43021.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1] B. Verma, M. Blumenstein and S. Kukarni, “Recent Achievements in Off-Line Handwriting Recognition Systems,” International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Multimedia Applications (ICCIMA’98), Melbourne, 1998, pp. 27-33.
[2] A. Amin, “Off-Line Arabic Character Recognition: The State of the Art,” Pattern Recognition, Vol. 31, No. 5, 1998, pp. 517-530. Hdoi:10.1016/S0031-3203(97)00084-8
[3] L. Lam, et al., “Automatic Processing of Information on Cheques,” International Conference on Systems, Man & Cybernetics, 1995, pp. 2353-2358.
[4] A. Brakensiek, J. Rottland and G. Rigoll, “Confidence Measures for an Address Reading System,” Seventh International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR2003), 2003, pp. 294-298.
[5] R. G. Casey and E. Lecolinet, “A Survey of Methods and Strategies in Character Segmentation,” IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, Vol. 18, No. 7, 1996, pp. 690-706. Hdoi:10.1109/34.506792
[6] R. Alhajj and A. Elnagar, “Multiagents to Separating Handwritten Connected Digits,” IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Part A: Systems and Humans, Vol. 35, No. 5, 2005, pp. 593-602. Hdoi:10.1109/TSMCA.2005.843389
[7] Y. Lu and M. Shridar, “Character Segmentation in Handwritten Words—An Overview,” Pattern Recognition, Vol. 29, No. 1, 1996, pp. 77-96. Hdoi:10.1016/0031-3203(95)00072-0
[8] C. C. Tappert, C. Y. Suen and T. Wakahara, “The State of The Art in On-line Handwriting Recognition,” IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, Vol. 12, No. 8, 1990, pp. 787-808. Hdoi:10.1109/34.57669
[9] S. Srihari and R. Bozinovic, “A Multi-Level Perception Approach to Reading Cursive Script,” Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 33, No. 2, 1987, pp. 217-255. Hdoi:10.1016/0004-3702(87)90035-X
[10] D. Motawa, A. Amin and R. Sabourin, “Segmentation of Arabic Cursive Script,” Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, Ulm, 18-20 August 1997, Vol. 2, pp. 625-628.
[11] M.-Y. Chen, A. Kundu and J. Zhou, “Off-Line HandWritten Word Recognition Using a Hidden Markov Model Type Stochastic Network,” IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, Vol. 16, No. 5, 1994, pp. 481-496. Hdoi:10.1109/34.291449
[12] M.-Y. Chen, A. Kundu and S. N. Srihari, “Variable Duration Hidden Markov Model and Morphological Segmentation for Handwritten Word Recognition,” IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, Vol. 4, No. 12, 995, pp. 1675-1688. Hdoi:10.1109/83.477074
[13] M. Blumenstein and B. Verma, “A Neural Based Segmentation and Recognition Technique for Handwritten Words,” Proceedings of IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence, WCCI’98, Anchorage, 4-9 May 1998, pp. 1738-1742.
[14] M. Blumenstein and B. Verma, “An Artificial Neural Network Based Segmentation Algorithm for Off-line Handwriting Recognition,” International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Multimedia Applications (ICCIMA’98), Melbourne, 1997.
[15] A. Hamid and R. Haraty, “A Neuro-Heuristic Approach for Segmenting Handwritten Arabic Text,” International Conference on Computer Systems and Applications, ACS/ IEEE, Beirut, 25-29 June 2001, pp. 110-113.
[16] T. K. Bhowmik, A. Roy and U. Roy, “Character Segmentation for Handwritten Bangla Words Using Artificial Neural Network,” Proceeding of the First IAPR TC3 NNLDAR Workshop, Seoul, 2005.
[17] L. Lorgio and V. Govindaraju, “Segmentation Pre-Recognition of Arabic Handwriting,” Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, 29 August-1 September 2005, Vol. 2, 2005, pp. 605-609. Hdoi:10.1109/ICDAR.2005.207
[18] A. Elnagar and R. Bentrecia, “Recognition-Based Segmentation of Arabic Handwriting,” the 9th International Workshop on Pattern Recognition in Information Systems, Milan, 6-7 May 2009.

Copyright © 2024 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc.

Creative Commons License

This work and the related PDF file are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.