Evolution of technogenic landscapes by the example of apatite-nepheline ore concentration wastes

Vladimir N. Pereverzev, Galina A. Evdokimova, Irina V. Zenkova, Maria V. Korneykova, Vera V. Redkina

.

DOI: 10.4236/ns.2010.26075                

Abstract

A primary soil-forming process can take place on the concentration waste of apatite-nepheline ores, whose biological recultivation was carried out more than 40 years ago. This process is characterized by the following features: forming of a thin litter with the content of organic carbon at the level of 8-12%, accumulation of humic substances in the sub-litter layer and the change of рН values. Microorganisms are biocatalysts of primary soil formation processes and one of the main factors that determine the specificity of this process. The prokaryotic complex of the newly formed soils, generated from nepheline sands, is considerably different from that of zonal soils on moraine sediments. The former ones are dominated by gram-positive bacteria, mainly actinobacteria, as well as by their filamentous forms (actinomycetes), whereas the latter ones are dominated by gram-negative bacteria. A common feature of invertebrate’s complexes in nepheline sands is the low species diversity, small-size and quickly development of microfauna and mesofauna representatives and the dependence of succession of microarthropods pioneer groups on the succession of bacteria and fungi.

Keywords

Soil-Forming Process; Nepheline Sands; Organic Matter; Soil Biota

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	K. E. Ginzburg, (1981) Phosphorus of basic types of soils of the USSR. Nauka, Moscow.
[2]	V. N. Pereverzev, E. A.Koshleva, A. M. Churikov, (1992) Phosphorus in podzolic soils of the Kola Peninsula. Publishing House of the Kola Science Centre RAS, Apatity.
[3]	V. N. Pereverzev, (1993) Cultural soil formation in the Far North. Publishing House of the Kola Science Centre of the RAS, Apatity.
[4]	V. N. Pereverzev, N. M. Korobeynikova, T. A. Dyakova and I. V. Yanchenko (2007) Agrochemical properties and fertility of soils, generated on tailing dumps of apatite industry after their reclamation. Agrochemistry, 1, 5-12.
[5]	V. N. Pereverzev, N. I. Podlesnaya, (1986) Biological reclamation industrial dumps in the Far North. Publishing House of the Kola Branch of AS of the USSR, Apatity.
[6]	L. P. Kapelkina, L. A. Kazakov, (1989) Wood reclamation of damaged land in the Polar region. Lesnoye Khozaistvo, 2, 27-29.
[7]	G. A. Evdokimova, I. V. Zenkova, N. P. Mozgova, V. N. Pereverzev, (2005) Soil and soil biota in the conditions of fluorine pollution. Publishing House of the Kola Science Centre RAS, Apatity.
[8]	B. A. Dospekhov, (1985) The technique of field experience. 5th Edition, Agropromizdat, Мoscow.
[9]	A. S. Gershenkop, G. A. Evdokimova, N. V. Voronina, L. L. Kreimer, (2005) Influence of bacterial component of the recycling water on the flotation of not sulphidic ores – by the example of “Apatit”. Inzhenernaya Ekologiya, 3, 51-61.
[10]	G. A. Evdokimova, N. P. Mozgova, (2001) Microorganisms of tundra and forest podzols of the Kola North. Publishing House of the Kola Science Centre of the RAS, Apatity.
[11]	G. A. Evdokimova, A. F. Naumenko, (2002) Microorganisms of underground mining workings of Northern Fennoscandia. Geoecologya. Inzhenernaya Ekologiya. Gydrogeologya. Geokriologya, 3, 237-242.
[12]	G. A. Evdokimova, I. V. Zenkova, V. N. Pereverzev, (2002) Biodynamics of processes of organic substance transformation in soils of Northern Fennoscandia. Publishing House of the Kola Science Centre RAS, Apatity.
[13]	G. A. Evdokimova, I. V. Zenkova, N. P. Mozgova, V. N. Pereverzev, (2004) Interactions of soil microorganisms and invertebrate animals at the transformation of plant residues in soils of Northern Fennoscandia. Soil science, 10, 1199-1210.
[14]	I. V. Zenkova, (2002) Succession changes in communities of invertebrate animals in the course of leaf litter decomposing in the zone of influence of copper-nickel companies. Ecology of Northern Territories of Russia. Problems, Forecast of The Situation, Ways of Development, Solutions, 2, 371-375.
[15]	G. V. Dobrovolsky, (2004) Classification and diagnostics of soils in Russia. Oykumena, Smolensk.