Dipsacussaponin C from Dipsacus asper Reduces the Risk of Gastritis and Gastric Ulcer in Rats

Abstract

The roots of Dipsacus asper (DA) have been used as a tonic and analgesic agent in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of osteoporosis, low back pain, knee pain, and as an anti-inflammatory agent. Few studies have reported pharmacological gastric activities. In this study, we investigated the effects of dipsacussaponin C (DSC) and 70% ethanol and water extracts of DA on gastritis and gastric ulcer in rat. First, we examined the free radical scavenging effect by the 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging assay. Second, we examined the Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) colonization inhibitory effect and found that DSC has a mild anti-H. pylori effect. Third, the cytotoxicity was assessed by measuring the cell viability of human gastric cancer cells (SNU638 and AGS). Also, we observed the acid-neutralizing capacity by measuring NaOH consumption volume and found that DSC is effective as an antacid agent. For these reasons, we observed the effect of DSC on HCl?ethanol-induced gastritis and indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rat. In pylorus-ligated rats, DSC (200 mg/kg) also decreased the volume of gastric secretion (approximately 2.2 mL) and gastric acid output (0.16 mEq/4 hrs). From these results, we suggest that DSC isolated from DA may be useful for the treatment and/or protection of gastritis and gastric ulcer.

Share and Cite:

S. Hwang, I. Hwang, J. Jung, H. Kang, K. Son and C. Jeong, "Dipsacussaponin C from Dipsacus asper Reduces the Risk of Gastritis and Gastric Ulcer in Rats," Food and Nutrition Sciences, Vol. 3 No. 7, 2012, pp. 931-941. doi: 10.4236/fns.2012.37123.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1] Jiokpyo, “Pharmacognosy,” Sungkyunkwan University Press, Seoul, 2009.
[2] T. Namba, “The Encyclopedia of Wakan-Yaku,” Traditional Sino-Japanese Medicines with Color Pictures, Hoikusha Publishing Company, Osaka, 1993.
[3] X. Y. Tian, Y. H. Wang, H. Y. Liu, S. S. Yu and W. Shuo, “On the Chemical Constituents of Dipsacusasper,” Zhou Fang Pharm Chemical, Vol. 3, No. 55, 2007, pp. 1677-1681.
[4] Z. J. Zhang, Y. H. Qian, H. T. Hu, J. Yang and G. D. Yang, “The Herbal Medicine Dipsacusasper Wall Extract Reduces the Cognitive Deficits and over Expression of β-Amyloid Protein Induced by Aluminum Exposure,” Life Sciences, Vol. 73, No. 19, 2003, pp. 2443-2454. doi:10.1016/S0024-3205(03)00649-0
[5] T. M. Hung, W. Y. Jin, P. T. Thuong, K. S. Song and K. H. Bae, “Cytotoxic Saponins from the Root of Dipsacusasper Wall,” Archives of Pharmacal Research, Vol. 28, No. 9, 2005, pp. 1053-1056. doi:10.1007/BF02977401
[6] C. Li, Z. Liu, J. Tian, G. Li, W. Jiang, G. Zhang, F. Chen, P. Lin and Z. Ye, “Protective Roles of Asperosaponin VI, a Triterpenesaponin Isolated from Dipsacusasper Wall on Acute Myocardial Infarction in Rats,” European Journal of Pharmacology, Vol. 627, No. 1, 2010, pp. 235-241. doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.11.004
[7] S. I. Jeong, B. Zhou, J. B. Bae, N. S. Kim, S. G. Kim, J. Kwon, D. K. Kim, T. Y. Shin, H. Jeon, J. P. Lim, H. J. Kim, H. K. Kim and C. H. Oh, “Apoptosis-Inducing Effect of Akebiasaponin D from the Roots of Dipsacusaasper Wall in U937 Cells,” Archives of Pharmacal Research, Vol. 31, No. 11, 2008, pp. 1399-1404. doi:10.1007/s12272-001-2123-0
[8] T. M. Hung, M. K. Na, P. T. Thuong, N. D. Su, D. E. Sok, K. S. Song, Y. H. Seong and K. H. Bae, “Antioxidant Activity of Caffeoylquinic Acid Derivatives from the Roots of Dipsacusasper Wall,” Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Vol. 108, No. 2, 2006, pp. 188-192. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2006.04.029
[9] H. Suh, D. Song, S. Huh, K. Son and Y. Kim “Antinociceptive Mechanisms of Dipsacussaponin C Administered Intrathecally in Mice,” Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Vol. 71, No. 1-2, 2000, pp. 211-218. doi:10.1016/S0378-8741(99)00204-4
[10] X. Liu, Z. Chen, N. Mao and Y. Xie, “The Protective of Hydrogen on Stress-Induced Gastric Ulceration,” International Immunopharmacology, Vol. 13, No. 2, 2012, pp. 197-203. doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2012.04.004
[11] J. Nash, L. Lambert and M. Deakin, “Histamine H2-Receptor Antagonists in Peptic Ulcer Disease. Evidence for a Prophylacticuse,” Drugs, Vol. 47, No. 3, 1994, pp. 862-871. doi:10.2165/00003495-199447060-00002
[12] S. K. Bandyopadhyay, S. C. Pakrashi and A. Pakrashi, “The Role of Antioxidant Activity of Phyllanthusemblica Fruits on Prevention from Indomethacin Induced Gastric Ulcer,” Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Vol. 70, No. 2, 2000, pp. 171-176. doi:10.1016/S0378-8741(99)00146-4
[13] P. Correa, M. B. Piazuelo, A. Source and W. Potter, “Helicobacter Pylori Infection and Gastric Adenocarcinoma,” US Gastroenterology & Hepatology Reviews, Vol. 7, No. 1, 2011, pp. 59-64.
[14] E. J. Kuipers, “Helicobacter Pylori and the Risk and Management of Associated Diseases: Gastritis, Ulcer Disease, Atrophic Gastritis and Gastric Cancer,” Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Vol. 11, No. 1, 1997, pp. 77-88. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2036.11.s1.5.x
[15] P. Sipponen and H. Hyv?rinen, “Role of Helicobacter pylori in the Pathogenesis of Gastritis, Peptic Ulcer and Gastric Cancer,” Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, Vol. 28, No. 196,1993, pp. 3-6. doi:10.3109/00365529309098333
[16] L. A. Ries, M. P. Eisner, C. L. Kosary, B. F. Hankey, B. A. Miller, L. Clegg and B. K. Edwards, “SEER Cancer Statistics Review,” National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, 2000, pp. 1973-1999.
[17] K. Y. Jung, K. H. Son and J. Chu, “Triterpenoids from the Roots of Dipsacusasper,” Archives of Pharmacal Research, Vol. 16, No. 1, 1993, pp. 32-35. doi:10.1007/BF02974125
[18] E. J. Lee, K. S. Kim, H. Y. Jung, D. H. Kim and H. D. Jang, “Antioxidant Activities of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) with Growing Districts,” Food Science and Biotechnology, Vol. 14, No. 1, 2005, pp. 123-130.
[19] T. Mizui and M. Dodeuchi, “Effect of Polyamines on Acidified Ethanol-Induced Gastric Lesion in Rats,” Journal of Pharmacology, Vol. 33, No. 5, 1983, pp. 939-945.
[20] H. Shay, S. A. Komarov, S. S. Fels and D. Meranze, “Asimple Method for the Uniform Production of Gastric Ulceration in the Rat,” Gastroenterology, Vol. 4, No. 3, 1945, pp. 43-61.
[21] H. S. Park and K. S. Yang, “Effects of Dipsacusasper on Free Radical Scavenging and Low Density Lipoprotein Oxidation,” Yakhak Hoechi, Vol. 20, No. 1, 2006, pp. 47-51.
[22] Y. Kasuya, T. Urushidani and S Okabe, “Effects of Various Drugs and Vagotomy on Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Ulcers in the Rat,” Journal of Pharmacology, Vol. 29, No. 4, 1979, pp. 670-673.
[23] A. A. Geronikaki and A. M. Gavalas, “Antioxidants and Anti-Inflammatory Diseases: Synthetic and Natural Antioxidants with Anti-Inflammatory Activity,” Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening, Vol. 9, No. 18, 2006, pp. 425-442. doi:10.2174/138620706777698481
[24] P. Correaa, T. H. Elizabeth, J. C. Fontham, L. E. B. Bravo, B. Ruiz, G. Zarama, J. L. Realpe, G. T. Malcom, D. Li, W. D. Johnson and R. Mera, “Chemoprevention of Gastric Dysplasia: Randomized Trial of Antioxidant Supplements and Anti-Helicobacter Pylori,” Therapy Oxford Journals Medicine, Vol. 92, No. 23, 2000, pp. 1881-1888.
[25] F. Farinati, D. Li. Gianni, C. Romilda, M, Alfio, P. Mario, R. Massimo, D. M. Francesco and N. Remo, “Gastric Antioxidant, Nitrites, and Mucosal Lipoperoxidation in Chronic Gastritis and Helicobacter pylori Infection,” Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology, Vol. 22, No. 4, 1996, pp. 275-281. doi:10.1097/00004836-199606000-00007
[26] P. Correaa, “The Role of Antioxidants in Gastric Carcinogenesis,” Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, Vol. 35, No. 1-2, 1995, pp. 59-64. doi:10.1080/10408399509527687
[27] J. Houghton, J. G. Fox and T. C. Wang, “Gastric Cancer: Laboratory Bench to Clinic,” Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Vol. 17, No. 4, 2002, pp. 495-502. doi:10.1046/j.1440-1746.2002.02770.x
[28] S. Kono, “Supercourse. Gastric Cancer Epidemiology,” Kyushu University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, 2001.
[29] L. E. Hansson, L. Engstrand, O. Nyren, D. J. Evans, A. Lindgren, R. Bergstrom, B. Andersson, L. Athlin, O. Bendtsen and P. Tracz, “Helicobacter Pylori Infection: Independent Risk Indicator of Gastric Adenocarcinoma,” Gastro, Vol. 105, No. 4, 1993, pp. 1098-1103.
[30] D. T. Smoot, T. B. Elliott, H. W. Verspaget, D. Jones, C. R. Allen, K. G. Vernon, T. Bremner, L. C. R. Kidd, K. S. Kim, J. D. Groupman and H. Ashktorab, “Influence of Helicobacter Pylori on Reactive Oxygen-Induced Gastric Epithelialcell Injury,” Carcinogenesis, Vol. 21, No. 11, 2000, pp. 2091-2095. doi:10.1093/carcin/21.11.2091
[31] P. Ian and E. A. Anderson, “The Renaissance of Natural Products as Drug Candidates,” Science, Vol. 2, No. 5747, 2005, pp. 451-453.
[32] D. M. Roder, “The Epidemiology of Gastric Cancer Clinical and Translational Oncology,” Gastric Cancer, Vol. 9, No. 12, 2002, pp. 767-776.
[33] D. M. Parkin, F. I. Bray and S. S. Devesa, “Cancer Burden in the Year. The Global Picture,” European Journal of Cancer, Vol. 37, No. 8, 2001, pp. 4-66. doi:10.1016/S0959-8049(01)00267-2
[34] M. Gordaliza, “Natural Products as Leads to Anticancer Drugs,” Life Sciences, Vol. 78, No. 5, 2005, pp. 431-441.
[35] J. M. Balunas and D. Kinghorn, “Drug Discovery from Medicinal Plants,” Natureceuticals, Vol. 78, No. 5, 2005, pp. 431-441.
[36] B. P. Yu, J. Sun, M. Q. Li, H. S. Luo and J. P. Yu, “Preventive Effect of Hydrotalcite on Gastric Mucosal Injury in Rats Induced by Taurocholate,” World Journal of Gastroenterology, Vol. 3, No. 9, 2003, pp. 1427-1430.
[37] A. Tarnawski, R. Pai and R. Itani, “The Antacid Talcid Adsorbs and Neutralizes All Proteins Secreted by H. pylori IncludingVacACytotoxin: A New Mechanism for Its Ulcer-Healing Action?” Digestion, Vol. 60, No. 5, 1999, pp. 449-455. doi:10.1159/000007690
[38] A. Tarnawski, T. Arakawa and K. Kobayashi, “Rebamipide Treatment Activates Epidermal Growth Factor and Its Receptor Expression in Normal and Ulcerated Gastric Mucosa. The Key Mechanisms for Its Ulcer Healing Action?” Digestive Disease and Sciences, Vol. 43, No. 9, 1998, pp. 90-98.
[39] J. S. Lee, T. Y. Oh, Y. K. Kim, J. H. Baik and S. So, “Protective Effects of Green Tea Polyphenol Extracts against Ethanol-Induced Gastric Mucosal Damages in Rats: Stress-Responsive Transcription Factors and MAP Kinases as Potential Targets,” Mutation Research, Vol. 579, No. 1-2, 2005, pp. 214-224. doi:10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2005.03.027
[40] S. L. Edgar, C. Liu and H. Cho, “Relationship between Ethanol-Induced Gastritis and Gastric Ulcer Formation in Rats,” Digestion, Vol. 62, No. 4, 2000, pp. 232-239. doi:10.1159/000007821
[41] L. Bujanda, “The Effects of Alcohol Consumption upon the Gastrointestinal Tract,” The American Journal of Gastroenterology, Vol. 95, No. 12, 2000, pp. 3374-3382. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2000.03347.x
[42] E. R. Rios, N. F. Rocha, E. T. Venancio, B. A. Moura, M. L. Feitosa, G. S. Cerqueira, P. M. Soares, D. J. Woods, F. C. de Sousa, L. K. Leal and M. M. Fonteles, “Mechanisms Involved in the Gastroprotective Activity of Esculin on Acute Gastric Lesions in Mice,” Chemico-Biological Interactions, Vol. 188, No. 1, 2010, pp. 246-254. doi:10.1016/j.cbi.2010.07.020
[43] K. R. Mcquaid and J. I. Isenberg, “Medical Therapy of Peptic Ulcer Disease,” The Surgical Clinic of North America, Vol. 72, No. 2, 1992, pp. 285-316.
[44] S. Okabe, K. Takeuchi, K. Nakamura and K. Takagi, “Pathogenesis of Gastric Lesions Induced by Aspirin in the Pylorus-Lygated Rat,” The Japanese Journal of Pharmacology, Vol. 24, No. 3, 1974, pp. 363-371. doi:10.1254/jjp.24.363
[45] M. Kinoshita, T. Noto and H. Tamaki, “Effect of a Combination of Ecabet Sodium and Cimetidine on Experimentally Induced Gastric Lesions and Gastric Mucosal Resistance to Ulcerogenic Agents in Rats,” Biological Pharmaceutical Bulletin, Vol. 18, No. 2, 1995, pp. 223-226. doi:10.1248/bpb.18.223
[46] C. A. M. Stedman1 and M. L. Barclay1, “Comparison of the Pharmacokinetics, Acid Suppression and Efficacy of Proton Pump Inhibitors,” Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Vol. 14, No. 8, 2000, pp. 963-978. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2036.2000.00788.x
[47] Ch. V. Rao, S. K. Ojha, K. Radhakrishnan, R. Govindarajen, S. Rastogi, S. Mehrotra and P. Pushpangadan, “Antiulcer Activity of Utleriasalicifolia Rhizome Extract,” Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Vol. 91, No. 2-3, 2004, pp. 243-249. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2003.12.020
[48] G. E. De Souza, R. A. Cardoso, M. C. Melo, A. S. Fabricio, V. M. Silva, M. Lora and A. J. Fernandes, “A Comparative Study of the Antipyretic Effects Of Indomethacin and Dipyrone in Rats,” Inflammation Research, Vol. 51, No. 1, 2002, pp. 24-32. doi:10.1007/PL00000278
[49] N. Hudson, A. B. Hawthorne, A. T. Cole, P. D. Jones and C. J. Howley, “Mechanism of Gastric and Duodenal Damage and Protection,” Hepatogastroenterology, Vol. 39, No. 1, 1992, pp. 31-36.

Copyright © 2024 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc.

Creative Commons License

This work and the related PDF file are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.