Rectangular Microstrip Antenna for Symmetrical 3-D Beam Widths for an Efficient Feed of Reflector Antenna and its Quantitative Analysis

Jitendra Kr. Sah, Sun Chatterjee, Pragya Bharati, Dia Ghosh, Aditi Anand, Sudipta Chattopadhyay

Department of ECE, Siliguri Institute of Technology, P.O-Sukna, Darjeeling 734009, WB, India.

DOI: 10.4236/jemaa.2012.46032                

Abstract

A simple rectangular microstrip antenna on low dielectric constant substrate such as air for improved radiation beam performance is theoretically investigated. The conventional patch antenna fabricated on common substrates always produces quite broader E plane pattern compared to its H plane. In the present investigation, the same microstrip antenna is designed on air substrate with a view to develop an efficient feed for parabolic reflector antenna, which shows an excellent radiation pattern with symmetrical 3 dB beam widths at its both E and H plane. The present antenna compared to conventional structure to show its excellence in the beam performance is presented. The complete quantitative analysis to explore such radiation beam characteristics for both the structures (conventional and the present one) is also presented in this paper. An easy and handful relationship between the length of patch antenna and its fringing length for different types of substrate is established in the background of 3 dB beam widths. The proposed idea has been verified through a commercial software package for a patch operating in X band and a concrete physical insight into the phenomenon is developed.

Keywords

Air Substrate, Rectangular Microstrip Antenna, Symmetrical Beam widths.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	L. J. Le and Z. R. Hu, “A Wideband Linear U-Slot Microstrip Patch Antenna Array for Wireless Application,” International Journal of Electronics, Vol. 96, No. 7, 2009, pp. 755-765. doi:10.1080/00207210902802848
[2]	M. T. Islam, M. N. Shakib, N. Misran and T. S. Sun, “Broadband Microstrip Patch Antenna,” European Journal of Scientific Research, Vol. 27, No. 2, 2009, pp. 174180.
[3]	R. Garg, P. Bhartia, I. Bahl and A. Ittipiboon, “Microstrip Antenna Design Handbook,” Artech House, Norwood, 2001.
[4]	S. M. D. Abbas, S. Paul, J. Sen, P. R. Gupta, K. Malakar, S. Chattopadhyay and S. Banerjee, “Aspect Ratio: A Major Controlling Factor of Radiation Characteristics of Microstrip Antenna,” Journal of Electromagnetic Analysis and Applications, Vol. 3, No. 11, 2011, pp. 452-457. doi:10.4236/jemaa.2011.311072
[5]	Y. T. Liu, C. W. Su, K. L. Wong and H. T. Chen, “An Air Substrate Narrow Patch Microstrip Antenna with Radiation Performance for 2.4 GHz WLAN Access Point,” Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 43, No. 3, 2004, pp. 189-192. doi:10.1002/mop.20416
[6]	F. W. Yao, S. S. Zhong and X. L. Liang, “Ultra-Broadband Patch Antenna Using a Wedge-Shaped Air Substrate,” Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference, Suzhou, 4-7 December 2005, p. 3. doi:10.1109/APMC.2005.1606896
[7]	M. Komulainen, et al., “Embedded Air Cavity Backed Microstrip Antenna on an LTCC Substrate,” Journal of European Ceramic Society, Vol. 27, No. 8-9, 2007, pp. 2881-2885. doi:10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2006.11.012
[8]	K. Malakar, J. Nandi, S. Mitra, P. K. Gorai, S. Chattopadhyay and S. Banerjee, “Rectangular Microstrip Antenna with Air Cavity for High Gain and Improved Front to Back Ratio,” Journal of Electromagnetic Analysis and Applications, Vol. 3, No. 9, 2011, pp. 368-372. doi:10.4236/jemaa.2011.39058
[9]	High Frequency Structure Simulator, HFSS v10, Ansoft Corp., Pittsburgh.
[10]	S. Chattopadhyay, J. Y. Siddiqui and D. Guha, “Rectangular Microstrip Patch on a Composite Dielectric Substrate for High Gain Wide Beam Radiation Patterns,” IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 57, No. 10, 2009, pp. 3324-3327. doi:10.1109/TAP.2009.2029607
[11]	S. Chattopadhyay, M. Biswas, J. Y. Siddiqui and D. Guha, “Rectangular Microstrip with Variable Air Gap and Varying Aspect Ratio: Improved Formulations and Experiments,” Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 51, No. 1, 2009, pp. 169-173. doi:10.1002/mop.24025
[12]	C. A. Balanis, “Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design,” 2nd Edition, John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York, 2001.
[13]	S. Chattopadhyay, M. Biswas, J. Y. Siddiqui and D. Guha, “Input Impedance of Probe Fed Rectangular Microstrip Antenna with Variable Air Gap and Varying Aspect Ratio,” IET Microwaves, Antenna and Propagation, Vol. 3, No. 8, 2009, pp. 1151-1156. doi:10.1049/iet-map.2008.0320