Study of Common Urinary Problems of Females at a Government Hospital in Central India

Roma Pradhan, Raj Kumar Mathur, Poonam Mathur, Fareed Khan, Akshay Gupta, Mansi Chowhan

Department of obstetrics and gynaecology, Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Medical College, Indore, India.
Department of surgery, Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Medical College, Indore, India.

DOI: 10.4236/ss.2012.36066                

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study is to identify the common urinary problems in Indian females, their etiology and symtomatology. Material and Methods: This is a prospective epidemiological study of 703 female patients with urinary problems, who attended the surgery and gynecology OPD (outpatient department) in our institution which is a tertiary referral centre in central India. Result: 58% of patients were middle age (31 - 55) yrs. Burning micturition was the most common urinary complain (607 patients) followed by increased frequency of micturition (309 patients). 68% females took months or even years to take first consultation after appearance of their symptoms. 14% percent of patients suffered from urinary incontinence (stress, urge and mixed). 86% of women had education level below fifth standard. About 58% of females gave birth to 3 or more than 3 issues. About 254 (36%) patients had one or more unassisted delivery at home. Thirty eight percent of patients still remained undiagnosed. More than 50% of undiagnosed females lie in middle age group. 68% of undiagnosed patients took consultation months or years after their symptoms first appeared. Irritative symptoms are the most common presenting complains of these undiagnosed patients followed by pain in abdomen. Around 60% of patients had history of either mental distress, domestic violence or any neuropschiatric disease. This study only gives us an idea about the urinary problems faced by females and their probable causative factors. Many more studies need to be done involving multidisciplinary approach in order to benefit this section of our society.

Keywords

Common Urinary Problems; Undiagnosed

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	A. Wald, “MPH Hysterectomy: A Risk Factor for Urinary Incontinence?” Watch Women’s Health, 2007.
[2]	G. Rortveit, A. K. Daltveit, Y. S. Hannestad and S. Hunskaar, “The Norwegian EPINCONT Study, Urinary Incontinence after Vaginal Delivery or Cesarean Section,” New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 348, No. 10, 2003, pp. 900-907. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa021788
[3]	R. W. Soames, et al., “Skeletal System,” In: P. L. Williams, L. H. Bannister, M. M. Berry, et al., Eds., Gray’s Anatomy, 38th Edition, Churchill Livingstone, New York, 1995, pp. 425-736.
[4]	L. V. Swithinbank and P. Abrams, “A Detailed Description, by Age, of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in a Group of Community-Dwelling Women,” BJU International, Vol. 85, No. 2, 2000, pp. 19-24.
[5]	M. A. Averbeck, “Helmut Madersbacher Constipation and LUTS—How Do They Affect Each Other?” International Braz J Urol, Vol. 37, No. 1, 2011, pp. 16-28. doi:10.1590/S1677-55382011000100003
[6]	J. Bahadin, S. S. Teo and S. Mathew, “Singhealth Polyclinics Bedok, Aetiology of Community-Acquired Urinary Tract Infection and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Uropathogens Isolated,” Singapore Medical Journal, Vol. 52, No. 6, 2011, pp. 415-420.
[7]	J. W. Yarnell, G. J. Voyle, C. J. Richards and T. P. Stephenson, “The Prevalence and Severity of Urinary Incontinence in Women,” Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, Vol. 35, No. 1, 1981, pp. 71-74. doi:10.1136/jech.35.1.71
[8]	K. Holst and P. D. Wilson, “The Prevalence of Urinary Incontinence and Reasons for Not Seeking Treatment,” NZ Medical Journal, Vol. 101, 1988, pp. 756-758.
[9]	S. Hunskaar, K. Burgio, A. C. Diokno, et al., “Epidemiology and Natural History of Urinary Incontinence (UI),” 2nd Edition, Incontinence, Paris, 2002.
[10]	Y. Hannestad, G. Rortveit, H. Sandvik and S. Hunskaar, “A Community Based Epidemiological Survey of Female Urinary Incontinence. The Norwegian EPINCONT Study,” Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, Vol. 53, No. 11, 2000, pp. 1150-1157. doi:10.1016/S0895-4356(00)00232-8
[11]	W. K. Frewen, “An Objective Assessment of the Unstable Bladder of Psychosomatic Origin,” British Journal of Urology, Vol. 50, No. 4, 1978, pp. 246-249. doi:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1978.tb02818.x
[12]	R. J. Hafner, S. L. Stanton and J. Guy, “A Psychiatric Study of Women with Urgency and Urge Incontinence,” British Journal of Urology, Vol. 49, 1977, pp. 211-214. doi:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1977.tb04106.x
[13]	A. Crisp and J. Sutherst, “Psychological Factors in Women with Urinary Incontinence,” Proceedings of the 13th Annual Meeting of the International Continence Society, Aachen, 1983, pp. 174-176.
[14]	L. H. Koch, “Help-Seeking Behaviours of Women with Urinary Incontinence: An Integrative Literature Review,” Journal of Midwifery & Women’s Health, Vol. 51, No. 6, 2006, pp. e39-e44. doi:10.1016/j.jmwh.2006.06.004
[15]	G. J. A. Gallagher, J. Z. Montgomerie and J. D. K. North, “Acute Infections of the Urinary Tract and the Urethral Syndrome in General Practice,” British Medical Journal, Vol. 1, 1965, pp. 622-662. doi:10.1136/bmj.1.5435.622
[16]	E. M. Messing, “Urethral Syndrome,” In: P. C. Walsh, R. F. Gittes, A. D. Perlmutter and T. A. Stamey, Eds., Campbell’s Urology, WB Saunders, Philadelphia, 1986, pp. 1087-1091.
[17]	L. A. Gray and W. B. Pingelton, “Pathological Le sion of Female Urethram” The Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 162, 1956, p. 1361. doi:10.1001/jama.1956.02970320009003
[18]	R. Zufall, “Treatment of the Urethral Syndrome in Women,” The Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 184, No. 11, 1963, pp. 894-895. doi:10.1001/jama.1963.73700240019019a
[19]	M. K. Terris, et al., “Urethral Syndrome,” eMedicine, May 2009.
[20]	H. Gurel, S. A. Gurel and M. K. Atilla, “Urethral Syndrome and Associated Risk Factors Related to Obstetrics and Gynecology,” European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Vol. 83, No. 1, 1999, pp. 5-7. doi:10.1016/S0301-2115(98)00153-5
[21]	H. J. Roberts, “Bubble Bath Cystitis,” The Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 201, No. 3, 1967. doi:10.1001/jama.1967.03130030077026
[22]	G. A. Barbalias and E. M. Meares Jr., “Female Urethral Syndrome: Clinical and Urodynamic Perspectives,” Urology, Vol. 23, No. 2, 1984, pp. 208-212. doi:10.1016/0090-4295(84)90024-4
[23]	R. F. Gittes and R. M. Nakamura, “Female Urethral Syndrome. A Female Prostatitis?” Western Journal of Medicine, Vol. 164, No. 5, 1996, pp. 435-438.
[24]	C. C. Cardon, D. Osborne and J. W. Segura, “Psychologic Characteristics of Patients with Female Urethral Syndrome,” Journal of Clinical Psychology, Vol. 35, No. 2, 1979, pp. 312-313. doi:10.1002/1097-4679(197904)35:2<312::AID-JCLP2270350218>3.0.CO;2-1
[25]	R. A. Schmidt and E. A. Tanagho, “Urethral Syndrome or Urinary Tract Infection?” Urology, Vol. 18, No. 4, 1981, pp. 424-427. doi:10.1016/0090-4295(81)90410-6
[26]	W. E. Kaplan, C. F. Firlit and H. W. Schoenberg, “The Female Urethral Syndrome: External Sphincter Spasm as Etiology,” Journal of Urology, Vol. 124, No. 1, 1980, pp. 48-49.
[27]	A. M. Bernstein and H. C. Phillips, “A Psychophysiological Evaluation of Female Urethral Syndrome: Evidence for a Muscular Abnormality,” Journal of Behavioral Medicine, Vol. 15, No. 3, 1992, pp. 299-312. doi:10.1007/BF00845358
[28]	P. Abrams, et al., “Report from the Standardisation Sub-Committee of the International Continence Society,” American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Vol. 187, No. 1, 2002, pp. 116-126. doi:10.1067/mob.[phone]
[29]	J. W. Warren, W. A. Meyer, P. Greenberg, et al., “Using the International Continence Society’s definition of painful bladder syndrome,” Urology, Vol. 67, No. 6, 2006, pp. 1138-1142. doi:10.1016/j.urology.2006.01.086