Comparative Study on Microorganisms Used for the Bioethanol Production

Corina Amalia Macarie, Adina-Elena Segneanu, Ionel Balcu, Raluca Pop, Georgeta Burtica, Vasile-Daniel Gherman

.

DOI: 10.4236/lce.2011.24028                

Abstract

Two different methods, namely simultaneous saccharification and fermentation and two-stage hydrolysis and fermen- tation have been used for the conversion of the cellulose into bioethanol. Both aerobic and anaerobic conditions were employed in order to obtain two types of microorganisms―Trichoderma reesei and Zymomonas mobilis―that are used for the production of cellulases. The aim of the paper is to investigate also the efficiency of a microorganism’s consortium in the fermentation stage of the two processes and the action of this microorganism’s consortium on different concentrations of the cellulosic substrate, in order to determine the optimum parameters of the process. Good yields (45% - 70%) of the cellulose degradation into fermentable sugars have been obtained.

Keywords

Bioethanol, Lignocellulosic Biomass, Microorganism

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	M. Balat, H. Balat and C. Oz, “Progress in Bio-Ethanol Processing,” Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, Vol. 34, No. 5, 2008, pp. 551-573. doi:10.1016/j.pecs.2007.11.001
[2]	F. Abd El-Zaher and M. Fadel, “Production of Bioethanol via Enzymatic Saccharification of Rice Straw by Cellulase Produced by Trichoderma Reesei under Solid State Fermentation,” New York Science Journal, Vol. 3, 2010, p. 72.
[3]	E. A. Bayer, R. Lamed and E. Himmel, “The Potential of Cellulases and Cellulosomes for Cellulosic Waste Management,” Current Opinion in Biotechnology, Vol. 18, No. 3, 2007, pp. 237-245. doi:10.1016/j.copbio.2007.04.004
[4]	H. Golias, G. J. Dumsday, G. A. Stanley and N. B. Pamment, “Evaluation of a Recombinant klebsiella oxytoca Strain for Ethanol Production from Cellulose by Simulta- neous Saccharification and Fermentation: Comparison with Native Cellobiose-Utilising Yeast Strains and Per- formance in Co-Culture with Thermotolerant Yeast and Zymomonas mobilis,” Journal of Biotechnology, Vol. 96, No. 2, 2002, pp. 155-168. doi:10.1016/S0168-1656(02)00026-3
[5]	S. Kumar, S. P. Singh, I. M. Mishra and D. K. Adhikari, “Recent Advances in Production of Bioethanol from Lignocellulosic Biomass,” Chemical Engineering & Technology, Vol. 32, No. 4, 2009, pp. 517-526. doi:10.1002/ceat.200800442
[6]	Y. Sun and J. Cheng, “Hydrolysis of Lignocellulosic Materials for Ethanol Production: A Review,” Bioresource Technology, Vol. 83, No. 1, 2002, pp. 1-11. doi:10.1016/S0960-8524(01)00212-7
[7]	H. C. Vogel and C. L. Todaro, “Fermentation and Bioche- mical Engineering Handbook,” Noyes Publications, New Jersey, 1997.
[8]	T. Fujii, X. Fang, H. Inoue, K. Murakami and S. Sawayama, “Enzymatic Hydrolyzing Performance of Acre- monium cellulolyticus and Trichoderma reesei against Three Lignocellulosic Materials,” Biotechnology for Biofuels, Vol. 2, 2009, p. 24. doi:10.1186/1754-6834-2-24
[9]	B. Nidetzky, W. Steiner, M. Hayn and M. Claeyssens, “Cellulose Hydrolysis by the Cellulases from Trichoderma reesei: Adsorptions of Two Cellobiohydrolases, Two Endocellulases and Their Core Proteins on Filter Paper and Their Relation to Hydrolysis,” Biochem. J., Vol. 298, 1994, p. 705.
[10]	V. Ferreira, M. Faber, S. Mesquita and N. Pereira Jr., “Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation Process of Different Cellulosic Substrates Using a Recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae Harbouring the β-Glucosidase gene,” Electronic Journal of Biotechnology, Vol. 13, No. 2, 2010, p. 1.
[11]	J. H. Lee, R. J. Pagan and P. L. Rogers, “Continuous Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation of Starch using Zymomonas mobilis,” Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Vol. 25, No. 3, 1983, pp. 659-669. doi:10.1002/bit.260250304
[12]	H. Nellaiah, T. Karunakaran and P. Gunasekaran, “Ethanol Fermentation of Cassava Starch by Zymomonas mobilis NRRL B-4286,” Biomass, Vol. 15, No. 3, 1988, pp. 201-207. doi:10.1016/0144-4565(88)90085-6
[13]	S. H. Krishna, T. J. Reddy and V. Chowdary, “Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation of Lignocellulosic Wastes to Ethanol Using a Thermotolerant Yeast,” Bioresource Technology, Vol. 77, No. 2, 2001, pp. 193- 196. doi:10.1016/S0960-8524(00)00151-6
[14]	Zs. Kadar, Zs. Szengyel and K. Reczey, “Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) of Industrial Wastes for the Production of Ethanol,” Industrial Crops and Products, Vol. 20, No. 1, 2004, pp. 103-110. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2003.12.015