How to Measure in the Near Field and in the Far Field

Tomasz Dlugosz, Hubert Trzaska

.

DOI: 10.4236/cn.2010.21010                

Abstract

A background of the electromagnetic field (EMF) measurements is presented in the work. A special attention is given to the specificity of the measurements performed in the Near Field. Factors, that should be taken into consideration as during the measurements as well during their analysis, are discussed. Without their understanding and considering a comparison of the measurements’ results, meters’ calibration and EMF standards comparison between different centers is impossible.

Keywords

electromagnetic fields measurements, the near field, the far field

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	K. Abramski and H. Trzaska, “FM EMF Sensors,” 3rd International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility, Beijing, China, pp. 222–225, May 2002.
[2]	T. Adams, Y. Lewiatan, and K. S. Nordby, “Electromagnetic near fields as a function of electrical size,” IEEE Transaction on Electromagnetic Compatibility, Vol. 25, No. 4, pp. 428–432, 1983.
[3]	P. Bieńkowski and H. Trzaska, “Electromagnetic fields metrology,” National Symposium of Telecommunications, Bydgoszcz, Poland, pp. 167–178, September 1995.
[4]	P. Bieńkowski, H. Trzaska, “Interlaboratory comparisons in EMF survey measurement – methods and results,” International Conference and COST 281 Workshop on Emerging EMF-Technologies, Potential Sensitive Groups and Health, Graz, Austria, 20–21 April 2006, (CD proceedings).
[5]	C. Bornkessel and M. Wuschek, “Exposure measurements in different WLAN – scenarios,” International Conference and COST 281 Workshop on Emerging EMF-Technologies, Potential Sensitive Groups and Health, Graz, Austria, 20–21 April 2006, (CD proceedings).
[6]	T. Dlugosz and H. Trzaska, “Proximity effects in EMF measurements and standards,” XXVIIIth General Assembly of International Union of Radio Science (URSI), 23–29 October 2005, New Delhi, India, (CD proceedings).
[7]	O. P. Gandhi, Y. Chen, and A. Riazi, “Currents induced in a human being for plane-wave exposure conditions 0-50 mhz and for RF sealers,” IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, Vol. BME-33, No. 8, pp.757–767, 1986.
[8]	H. Trzaska, “EMF measurements in the near field,” Noble Publ. Co., 2002.
[9]	H. Trzaska, “Limitation in the SAR use,” The Environmentalist, Vol. 25, No. 2/4, pp. 81–185, 2005.