Boundedness for Multilinear Operators of Pseudo-Differential Operators ()
1. Introduction and Results
Let b be a locally integrable function on
and T be an integral operator. For a suitable function f, the commutator generated by b and T is defined by
. The investigation of the commutator begins with Coifman-Rochberg-Weiss pioneering study and classical result (see [1] ). The major reason for considering the problem of commutators is that the boundedness of commutator can produce some characterizations of function spaces (see [1] [2] ). Now, with the development of the Calderón-Zygmund singular integral operators, their commutators and multilinear operators have been well studied (see [1] [3] - [7] ). In [8] , Hu and Yang proved a variant sharp function estimate for the multilinear singular integral operators. In [9] [10] [11] [12] , C. Pérez, G. Pradolini and R. Trujillo-Gonzalez obtained a sharp weighted estimate for the singular integral operators and their commutators. The boundedness of the pseudo-differential operators was studied by many authors (see [13] - [21] ). In [15] , the boundedness of the commutators associated to the pseudo-differential operators is obtained. The main purpose of this paper is to study the multilinear pseudo-differential operators as follows.
We say a symbol
is in the class
or
, if for
,
A pseudo-differential operator with symbol
is defined by
where f is a Schwartz function and
denotes the Fourier transform of f. We know there exists a kernel
such that
where, formally,
In [14] , the boundedness of the pseudo-differential operators with symbol
is obtained. In [14] , the boundedness of the pseudo-differential operators with symbol of order 0 and
is obtained. In [17] , the sharp function estimate of the pseudo-differential operators with symbol
is obtained. In [15] , the boundedness of the pseudo-differential operators and their commutators with symbol
is obtained. Our results are motivated by these papers.
Suppose T is a pseudo-differential operator with symbol
. Let
be the positive integers (
),
and
be the functions on
(
). Set, for
,
The multilinear operator associated to T is defined by
Note that when
,
is just the multilinear commutator of T and
(see [11] ). While when
,
is non-trivial generalizations of the commutator. It is well known that multilinear operators are of great interest in harmonic analysis and have been widely studied by many authors. Hu and Yang (see [8] ) proved a variant sharp estimate for the multilinear singular integral operators. In [11] , Pérez and Trujillo-Gonzalez prove a sharp estimate for the multilinear commutator when
. The main purpose of this paper is to prove a sharp function inequality for the multilinear operators associated to the pseudo-differential operators with symbol
when
for all
with
. As the application, we obtain the
norm inequality for the multilinear operators.
First, let us introduce some notations. Throughout this paper,
will denote a cube of
with sides parallel to the axes, whose center is x and side length is d. For a locally integrable function b, the sharp function of b is defined by
where, and in what follows,
. It is well-known that (see [22] [23] [24] )
and
We say that b belongs to
if
belongs to
and
. Let M be the Hardy-Littlewood maximal operator defined by
we write that
for
.
We shall prove the following theorems.
Theorem 1. Suppose T is the pseudo-differential operator with symbol
. Let
for all
with
and
. Then there exists a constant
such that for every
,
and
,
Theorem 2. Suppose T is the pseudo-differential operator with symbol
. Let
for all
with
and
.
1) If
and
, then
2) If
and
, then
2. Proofs of Theorems
To prove the theorems, we need the following lemmas.
Lemma 1. (see [4] ) Let b be a function on
and
for all
with
and some
. Then
where
is the cube centered at x and having side length
.
Lemma 2. (see [13] ) Let T be the pseudo-differential operator with symbol
. Then, for every
,
Lemma 3. (see [13] ) Let
and K be the kernel of the pseudo-differential operator T with symbol
. Then, for
and
,
provided m is an integer such that
.
Lemma 4. (see [13] ) Let
and
Then, for
and any integer
,
Proof of Theorem 1. It suffices to prove for
and some constant
, the following inequality holds:
Without loss of generality, we may assume
. Fix a cube
and
. We consider the following two cases:
Case 1.
. In this case, let
be the cube concentric with Q of side length
. Let
and
, then
and
for
. We write, for
,
then
Now, let us estimate
,
,
,
and
, respectively. First, for
and
, by Lemma 1, we get
Now, let
, we have
, set S be the pseudo-differential operator with symbol
, by the Hardy-Littlewood-Soboleve fractional integration theorem and the
-boundedness of S (see [13] ), we obtain, for
,
For
, by Lemma 1 and Hölder’s inequality, we get, for
,
For
, similar to the proof of
, we get
Similarly, for
, taking
such that
, we obtain
For
, we write
By Lemma 1 and the following inequality (see [24] )
we know that, for
and
,
Note that
for
and
, we obtain
for the second term above, similar to the proof of Lemma 2.1 in [13] , we have
thus, by Lemma 3 and recall that
,
For
, by the formula (see [4] ):
and Lemma 1, we have
thus
Similarly,
For
, recall that
, similar to the proofs of
and
, we get, for
Similarly,
For
, similar to the proof of
, we get, for
,
Thus
Case 2.
. In this case, let
and
, then
and
for
. Write, for
,
Similar to the proof of
,
,
and
, we get, by the
-boundedness of T (see Lemma 2),
For
, we write
similar to the proof of
and by using lemma 4, we get
thus
This completes the proof of Theorem 1.
Proof of Theorem 2. (a) follows from Theorem 1. For (b), Choose
in Theorem 1, we get
This finishes the proof.
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to express their gratitude to the referee for his/her valuable comments and suggestions.
Funding
Project supported by Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Departments (19C1037).