Gender-Based Violence and Deprivation of the Child Rights in the Context of Bangladesh and Sweden: A Study Based on Migration—A True Event of Deprivation of Swedish Asylum Act ()
1. Background
Gender-based violence (GBV) is an associated kind of violence that is Violence against Women and Girls (VAWG), which is directed specifically at females. GBV is commonly divided into two interlinked categories, interpersonal and structural/institutional violence. Interpersonal violence refers to an act of economic, sexual, psychological, or other violence perpetrated by a private against another individual. Structural/institutional violence refers to “any kind of structural inequality or institutional discrimination that maintains an individual in an exceedingly subordinate position, whether physical or ideological, to people within her family, household or community” (Manjoo, 2011). Both types involve the prioritization of hegemonic masculinities above the rights of other gendered identities, including women’s. GBV may be violence targeted at individuals or groups on the premise of their gender. While research suggests that a big proportion of women worldwide at some point in their lives experience GBV, the extent to which men and boys are affected is unknown. GBV is manifested through a mess of actions, including the forced marriage of young girls, trafficking in persons where the others numerous ongoing violence attached with individuals, such as sexual violence, verbal abuse and laws and regulations that limit women’s and girls’ rights and access to services by men. These practices are not only violations of the human rights of the individuals affected but are an instrumentalist approach to sustain the establishment and also the hierarchy of gender identities. Women living in poverty are particularly vulnerable, as they face high levels of structural violence, including difficulty accessing health and legal services needed to handle the consequences of interpersonal GBV.
Analyzing the periodical transition of GBV from 1956 to till where many researchers illustrated their opinion on the topic matter of “Sociology” but now it’s hardening in contact with this single discipline “Gender” in many contexts of a biological mode of things that related to modern GBV indifferent circle of society, By tradition, the Official search of all the pragmatic research output in pertains to anthropology at “home and abroad” has taken as a unit where culture and geographic exoticism is taken to work out the various mode of gender-based violence. Community, relationship, and individual perpetrators where culture is playing vital & paradoxical role. For further understanding, he made a distinction between sociology and anthropology in England, leading to it being xenophobic. Advocating comparative sociology that suggests the decolonization of science, “Goddy” emphasized that it was absolutely xenophobia that created the distinction between sociology and cultural anthropology.
Evaluating the complex societies under the faculty of understanding in social anthropology is simply one. Countries as other cultures were our sociology (1966: 576). Women’s rights and peace If women are allowed to possess a say publicly life an integral part of human rights, it’s argued that international peace shall prevail. Many female writers argue that ladies are, naturally and nurture, pacific. Women’s natural alienation from war arises from the contradiction between mothering and war. Nonviolence could be a natural extension of maternal practice and represents the powerful image of the “Moral Mother,” symbol of the compassionate vision of ladies as innately pacifists. Some argue that there’s a logical connection between maternity and pacifism within the liberal principle of the inalienable rights to life and liberty underlying both. For example, marriage without the consent of women occurs regularly in the countryside. Most young girls are married off to men because families cannot either protect them or maintain them thanks to the weak implementation of law and poverty. Violence against girls could be a constant fear among parents after they move out. The implicit corollary of innately peaceable women is that men are inherently warmongering. There’s also a connection between male aggressiveness and war and patriarchy and militarism. Some however argue that ladies have frequently encouraged their husbands and sons to travel to war and are cautious about simplistic gender equations.
Bangladesh and women’s rights the foremost important reason why women’s rights are neglected is the prevalent belief that women do not have an active role to play in public life, which is dominated by men. Women are destined to lift children and manage to housekeep. That’s why most of the ladies designate them salves as “housewives” as their profession. Although the 1972 Constitution provides equality for men and ladies, traditional social practices and orthodox religious precepts have discriminated between men and girls are society. It is heartening to notice that lady’s Human Groups and NGOs in Bangladesh are vigorously campaigning for the promotion, protection, and preservation of human rights for ladies. One of the findings on women’s rights being neglected is the principal belief of the 19th century that the majority of women at the turn were uneducated (Islam, 1997: p. 248). According to a thorough survey done in 1988 (Dufferin Report), another unloved issue is the well-established division of labor between men and women in the nation’s economy, which was virtually entirely centered on agriculture. At home, women processed and husked paddy; male laborers were not permitted to perform these tasks. Women were not permitted to engage in the plowing, weeding, or harvesting tasks performed by men in the fields (Islam, 1997). The maximum reasoning for the mistreatment of women’s rights in Bangladesh after independence in 1971 was when social judgment was eyed on the “panchayat committee” By tradition and cultural norms. There is masculinity overacting on feminism due to traditional and conservative customs, values, and norms. In addition, overlooking the rights of women in Bangladesh from the periodicity (1971 to 2000) massively in public life, especially in decision-making matters and family-leading concerns. One of the most important thoughts to avoid Women’s rights is socio-cultural—the religious system is patriarchy. Where Economic transition from agricultural to industrial is at the mark of men’s dominance and Women’s deprivation indifferent section is persist in the social setting that is out of the screen to see without lens. Amid women, empowerment concern is lost in dark.
With a global approach, many researchers appreciated opting for this spectrum of anthropology as inclusive and handy for reviewing the opinion of Peirano (1998: p. 574) focused that one-handed study of unsophisticated society was not promising to become original players in greater and sophisticated social networks in third world countries That understanding was interpreted as a crossroad for anthropology where social archaeology and comparative sociology have emerged to consider the new nations with other cultures by the exoticism of its proposition by distance conceived as both cultural and geographical separation. Peirano (1998) observed that the difference between them is a love of (by one) distestified by the opposite. It is clear that home and abroad continued to be distinctive sites but by the critical exoticism, there was a way of transformation. In an exceedingly comparison to sociology, the impression of the bygone transition of anthropology from 1966 to till pertains to the theories and concepts of GBV is varying Programmatic responses to GBV can’t be considered in isolation from the context of people, households, communities or states: GBV is a component of a continuum of violence and impacts the civil, political, economic, social, and cultural rights of those affected. Approaches to handle GBV have included justice-based approaches, health-based approaches, and programs that aim to alter social norms both for girls and men. Experience shows that these interventions could also be directly followed by increased levels of violence directed at women and girls. This must not be viewed as a failure of the intervention, but may signal that it’s targeted at the core of the ability structure. During this context, a male backlash could be a reaction to patriarchal attitudes sensing a threat to their existing power.
Different Convention and laws on Women.
1) The Universal Declaration of right states that “everyone is entitled to all or any the rights and freedoms set forth during this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, like race, color, sex, language, religion, political or another opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or another status.” (Article 2)
2) The Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women.
3) The Convention on the Elimination of all styles of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW).
In Bangladesh Constitution Women’s rights to equality are guaranteed within the Constitution, which was written in 1972. Article 27 of the Constitution states, “All citizens are equal before the law and are entitled to induce equal protection of the law.” Similarly, article 28(1) states that “the State shall not discriminate against any citizen on the grounds of faith, race, caste, sex or place of birth.” Article 28(2) states, “Women shall have equal rights with men all told spheres of the state and public life.” Additionally, Article 28(4) provides that “Nothing shall prevent the State from making special provisions in favor of ladies or children for the advancement of any backward section of the population.”
2. Objectives of the Study
Emotional entry of personal concerns about the future of anthropology gave way to more sociological analysis that had always been a trait of anthropological fieldwork at the intersection of several experiments in the humanities. The objective of the study is a comparative analysis between two states to bring and carry up the ongoing GBV as compared with a statically overview—the two nations. This study provides completely constraining cases with contextual differences in GBV in the lens of human rights issues in the UDHR act in asylum connoted with migrant children act for the best interest of a child. Sweden is a country that is dedicated to providing known for upholding human rights at a maximum level wherein the violence against women in Bangladesh is negation in distinction in global scaling but many other operative aspects are questioned in exoticism, xenophobia, collective rituals, European power, inequalities, insider anthropology, in social legitimacy, cultural critique, international anthropology postmodern migrants, public culture, classic cultural motivation, and women asylum with the convention of the rights of children in Sweden for their best interest a migrant child.
The study objectifies a real event exemplified that my mother who has been bannered as a widow in the year 1983 once, I was only twelve years old. She had come from a well-recognized family as her father educated is an optimal level as a graduate of Aligarh University in British Emperor secession. This talented individual made her daughter as a cloth of exchange through given her marriage at an early age of thirteen with the elder son of the chairman of the territorial jurisdictions also belonged to a large heritage because the British government gave the tilled of my great grandparent as “khan bahadur” for his worth. Thanks to early marriage, my mother had not crossed the high school boundary, so she was almost in dark about education. Later she had been born to 5 children and engaged her taking care of people. My father who was a banker by profession and this single bread earner departed from the earth in the early 40 of his lifetimes. As we were a joint family where denotes several people close and extended relatives were stuck occupying the land assets which was enrolled by my father. Finally, they deprived the rights of my mother and us of Land where the Law of succession has not figured out for abusing power over a window so my mother wasn’t the owner of any units of land later she materialized for her life acceleration in an exceedingly small place of her father’s home. This vulnerability in several movements is violated by male power within the first instance in Bangladesh.
The second instance is more pathetic of her life that her younger brother who has been residing in Sweden has extended his span quite to support my mother with some funds Suddenly within the year 1997 he picked my mom to Sweden for the wellbeing of our family with the welfare support of Sweden. Through the “mechanism” of her brother (who had been living in Sweden for the last four decades. together with his family) the Swedish government provided permanent residency to my mother in 1998. Observe a woman who has left her four sons and a daughter at home to abroad for a much better life with wide faith over her brother. As she had the optimal ignorance of migration rules, law, and culture where language could be a major constraint to exchange her words as she didn’t learn either English or Swedish. So all communication has been done through her brother.
After being granted asylum in 1998, the third case traumatized her psychologically and emotionally when she prayed through the Swedish immigration board and applied to take her biological son (younger than the last born), who was under 14, to Sweden. Physical interrogations then took place at various times here at the Swedish Embassy in Bangladesh. I was also interrogated there because my brother was under my care. After numerous investigations, they denied my mother’s prayers. Reasoning that he was 14 years plus old as recorded at his high school in our village where in Bangladesh there is no digital preference for his birth certificate. Activation is on. Then she was shocked to hear such a decision by the immigration authorities. This violates the rights of children respected in her CRC. She was then mentally attacked, lost her greatest memory, and suffered a heart attack, hadn’t messaged my mother. After mass communication, I found my mother in a freak hospital as a “patient”. She felt the social environment, immigration policy, and culture of Sweden first hand, and felt that many things had happened with my mother. The focus of her major was “facts”. This was a disinterested concern of her biological brother, discovered through communication with various parts of the Swedish. In this proposition Lundberg (2011) a researcher of Malmo University focused in his article The Best Interests of the Child Principle in Swedish Asylum Cases: “The Marginalization of Children’s Rights from words to deeds” has pointed out and highlighted the discrepancy between the best interest policy and its implementation in the asylum procedure in Swedish Immigration Service.
The fourth instance in this painful continuum is observed when I devoted myself to taking her from Sweden to Bangladesh and discovered that she was a psychopath that was undergone regular treatment at the reputable doctor Dr. Monojogot Center. She suffered a massive heart attack and was formally admitted to NICVD Dhaka. Doctors found six major blockages in her heart after angiography, prompting open heart surgery at a hospital where she could get the best support. Advised to do on this topic, the Director General of NICVD and the Swedish Embassy discussed each other’s best practices, and the Embassy gave me a list of Sweden’s best hospital specialists in open heart surgery. That they advised me to contact with Swedish hospital directly and accordingly the Karolinska hospital in Sweden came into communication to help me with their sharp analysis based on diagnosis reports and suggested she should be placed immediately. After that, I discussed with mom about the situation and prayed to her to move for Karolinska to occupy her life which is uncertain but denied from her end. After suffering a few days later she said she will take the surgery with a condition if I attend with him in a Swedish hospital as same as I have done in NICVD Dhaka.
In respect of her demand, I kept in touch with the embassy physically and telephonically for this unbearable pain. I’ve got been informed by the Sweden embassy in Dhaka that they are trying to find her insurance but they are also astonished to have not found the insurance. I have taken measures to send my mom for occupying her life. In that event, my mom wants to attach with him to Sweden to remain during her Open heart surgery as she has no faith in her brother and duly she had placed her demand to the Swedish mission in Dhaka physically with tears for my visa as I’m her biological son with coherence by laws of immigration rule and applied for my Swedish residency legislatively during her PR application. The mission stated me please sent my mother at first as soon as possible then you may be over there after a few days because it should take time to issue your visa. After I convinced my mother and she reached the karlonsiks hospital in Sweden and awaited for me stated to the concerned doctors but the migration authority mysteriously prolonged this issue and therefore the condition of my mother’s health deteriorated sharply. The doctor serves his best to convince the immigration also with the medical doctrine that my mother is on earth for a maximum of Six months if she did not take the surgery. Unfortunately, for no reason, they declined my visit to a hospital to stay beside my mother for her mental support during her open heart surgery which questions threatened the second generation human rights. As a result, my mother left Sweden permanently without surgery and died in a short period. There is a clear abuse of many connoted rights in UDHR (Article.) Especially Asylum and refusal concerns to move to take care of a seriously sick mother.
The First mechanized violence performed by the migration policy through the documentation illustrated with the applying for getting residency her brother put much-falsified deceleration that shown after she widowed 1983 then she got married two different times and he or she had several children in this family. This outline is that the main interest of her brother to use her and maximize the advantages to finding out all of these listed people from Bangladesh to Sweden accordance to the migration policy within the sort of wholesale migration. And he earned plenty of exchange value, through the violation of an ignored woman where biological bonding was downwards while my mother failed to understand what happened together with her given signature only her name.
The second major deprivation of human rights came to me as a “causal constraint” to possess the most effective medical treatment in Sweden for the open heart surgical process was imperatively needed. In Sweden, there’s no legal one without insurance either national or international migrants another consequence I’ve got seen in my research is that abstinence from this welfare is pragmatically absent while my Mother needs an intervention over her heart to occupy her life thus She had received her death earlier. And their Gender-based violence incorporates a significant impact at the individual level, with victims stricken by physical and mental effects, loss of earnings, and increased healthcare costs. It also integrates a wider societal impact, reduced economic output, growth, and increased pressure on social and health services. Quantifying the price of GBV in terms of human suffering and economic indicators is difficult: its hidden nature makes prevalence hard to determine. Many methodologies are developed, each of which offers both strengths and weaknesses, and these have to be assessed on a case-by-case basis. A Methodological Resource Guide, International Centre for Research-on-Women-(ICRW)-Washington-DC.
A woman who had born and acquired up and been played the role of gender as a native here in Bangladesh suddenly takes “the international migration (IM) policy causes of pull and push factors” as encompassed by IM. In the general negative aspect that motivates any individuals to go away one country to a different mostly for a stronger income opportunity with a dream of decent life where Individuals, as connoted with variety of individuals called family, are attempting to eliminate the financial crisis of him/herself is one among the majors. The mechanism of Sweden immigration to migration as typology with many categories as prescribed, the refugees and asylum seeker, there are many space and scope to run ones dream to occupy the permanent migrant settlers, and in my research, I’ve got seen through the case as a happening of my mother who was used as a term card during this channel by the players as actors who has many faces. She hasn’t guessed for one time that her brother trafficked her to maximize her interest in selling her migration benefit indifferent mode of operation
The Swedish government inputted herself with their regulations and supply herself with the residency mechanism done by her brother and sold out the paper declarations with many derived forms “While the second generation migrants’ rights” were consequently deprived. This report. Human trafficking could be a gendered style of violence (UNODC, 2012). That cruel signaling in modern process on GBV through black & white at the era of modernization through us in dark and turn out in light the following research questions have emerged.
Research question.
1) How the immigration policy in Sweden works for International immigrants, especially for women, and the way of tracing Mechanisms of the GBV in Sweden?
2) What’s the T&T to safeguard int. immigrants especially women from the Native Threats? And constraints of Sweden to provide the health care cost of Intl. migrants?
3) Why not Sweden confirmed the second and third-generation rights in action through the working precedence of their migrations board?
3. Literature Review
Cultural Gaps “Home to Abroad also an upheaval for international migrants which effects Mentally (Peirano, 1998: p. 4).” continued to be distinctive sites, but by denouncing exoticism, there was a way that transformation was being advanced and ethnographers were moving past anthropology toward experimentation and cultural studies. Reviewed the relevant periodicals, journals, and articles, books in this discipline many researchers placed their opinion based on different geographical jurisdictions, cultures, and communities where Anthropology at home gives us severe indicators. There the idea of culture at home was a paradox and a contradiction in terms that first appeared in Europe, while in the United States it twisted into “studies”, at the intersection of several experiments in the humanities. Throughout the twentieth century, however, the distances between ethnologists and those they observed once seen as informants Peirano (1998).
Studying on theory and Concept of Gender-Based violence Connoted with Gender-Based Asylum there a new EU review of violence against women has revealed that one in three European women has been assaulted, and one in twenty has been raped, with the Scandinavian countries at the highest of the league tables. Within the Scandinavian countries, in contrast, around half the ladies reported physical or sexual violence, which researchers at the ECU Union Agency for Fundamental Rights said could have several explanations. Though patriarchy wasn’t invented therein period it augmented to draw too many alternative approaches, methods, faces, and mechanisms of Gender-based violence reception and abroad. A holistic approach is critical for addressing the interconnections between violence against women, its causes and consequences, and multiple and intersecting styles of discrimination Manjoo (2011) argues that a one-size-fits-all programmatic approach is insufficient for combating gender-based violence. This report analyses the causes and consequences .of multiple types of discrimination as regards violence against women.
In addition, tracing the Gender-Based Asylum on the mirror of the UN High Commission on Refugees advocates that “women fearing persecution or severe discrimination on the idea in their gender ought to be taken into consideration a member of a grouping for the desires of figuring out refugee repute.” (Guidelines on the Protection of Refugee Women) Such persecution may also consist of harms particular to their gender like, however now no longer unresponsive pressure that the nation refuses to behave on, However, women searching for asylum inside U. S. not often advantage of refugee repute-supported claims of gender-associated violence, as U.S. asylum adjudicators practice a restrictive interpretation of the global definition of a refugee entitled to persecution. Insider culture is always a fact to confront with the outsider those are from a different place abroad that contradicts by saying that all we are natives. The other researchers gave their judgment by saying the tests of exotic tend between household and relocation. Peirano (1998) examines “routes,” or spatial practices of anthropology, noting that fieldwork has traditionally been based on a distinction between a home base and an exterior place of discovery, but that ideas of homes and abroad, community insides and outsides, fields, and metropoles are increasingly challenged by post-exotic, decolonizing trends (1997: 53).
Needless to say, Interest and position-oriented policy is taken by every individual country where the act of universal deceleration is deviated somewhere by their power that outlined are identified by Peirano (1998), the product of a conference held in 1972 under the direction of the University of Hull, was the period’s most influential book. The fact that British purposeful anthropology was founded on a power dynamic between the West and the Third World was directly criticized. Unlike homegrown or “native”, “insider anthropology” had fewer negative connotations. Peirano (1998) investigated the nature of the center-periphery interactions and their disparities, distinguishing between a thriving core of British, US, and French disciplines in regards to, “interactional” anthropology and “an archipelago of large and tiny islands” on the sideline whose sponsor’s recruited anthropologists from various backgrounds including specific countries India, Poland, Sudan, Canada, Brazil, and Sweden to debate the development of national anthropologies, was also framed within the need for an anthropology of anthropology.
Identifying that ladies are the most victims of gender-based violence, and such violence may be a breach of their fundamental rights to life, safety, freedom, dignity, and physical and emotional integrity. Violation of those rights cannot be tolerated or excused on any ground. Prevention is crucial and requires education and knowledge, the event of networking and partnerships, and therefore the exchange of excellent practices to encourage the event of the foremost effective legislation and policies and therefore the actualization of their measures. Anthropologists with roots in past anthropological sites have always been excluded from the quest for alterity, provided that their education was pursued under the guidance of qualified mentors. As a result, Malinowski approved the publication of his monograph on Chinese peasants, saying that “if self-knowledge is the hardest to attain, then an anthropology of one’s people is the hardest, but also the most valuable achievement of a fieldworker” (Peirano, 1998: p. xix) An open engagement with national political goals became unavoidable in locations where anthropology was locally ratified via social sciences during the 1940s and 1950s (e.g. Brazil and India), mostly as part of efforts toward “modernization”, repeating traditional European patterns (E Beckcr Anthropology at home 107 1971).
The most pragmatic issue is called by UNHR spokesperson Throssell on T&T authorities to protect the human rights of refugee and migrant children, including through due process and procedural protection in line with the principles of non-refoulment, respect, and protection of human rights. Said it should include ensuring access to the means. States have a special duty of care when it comes to children of refugees and immigrants. “The best interests of the child must be a primary consideration in decisions affecting the child,” Throssell said. “Children should not be forcibly deported because of their parents or their “immigrant status.” Researcher Joanna Goodey told the T&T to safeguard int. immigrants especially women from the Native Threats that the proportion of ladies working outside the house, the country’s alcohol culture, also whether women report incidents or not could all impact the figures. “In some countries, it will be less acceptable to speak about this stuff,” Goodey said. Agency head Morten Kjaerum said that the more gender-equal countries had seen rapid changes in the relationship between men and ladies. “There could be a certain stress level created when gender roles change and old patterns are challenged,” Kjaerum said. “I think that’s an element we must always also consider.” Across the union, the report found that 22 percent of ladies surveyed said they’d been assaulted by a partner, but 67 percent said they didn’t report the incident to the police. Kjaerum noted within the summary of the report, which was written after interviews with 42,000 women across the union.
In Sweden, 81 percent of ladies said that they had been harassed at some conversion the age of 15—compared to the EU average of 55 percent. The culture of addressing and speaking about the assault, harassment, and rape of ladies may vary extensively across the union countries, and in and of itself skew survey results, the researchers warned. They referenced a Euro barometer survey from 2010 that found that Bulgaria had much lower rates of physical and sexual violence against women than Sweden did. Stop Violence against Women! Violence against women could be a violation of human rights that can’t be justified by any political, religious, or cultural claim. A world culture of discrimination against women allows violence to occur daily and with impunity. Amnesty International calls on you to assist us to eradicate violence against women and help women to realize lives of equality and human dignity. Another reason is the lack of education among women. Unless women are educated, they’ll not know their rights. Education for girls and girls will automatically generate an environment within which women cannot be denied their basic rights. In traditional economies, women’s role wasn’t recognized within the field of economic development. Traditional economists failed to construe women as belonging within the economic sphere except as exceptions. Moreover rational economic man is pre-eminently masculine.
A prevalence study. Eva Lundgren, Gun Heimer, Jenny Westerstrand, Anne-Marie Kalliokoski in regards to Men’s violence against women in “equal” Sweden, her research shows “threat” the most negative outcome in GBV Comparing all types of violence against women in Sweden, which tracked women’s responses stating what the consequences of violence were and how they were exposed to the type of violence. Categorizing women’s responses based on the type of violence experienced, we find that women who experienced intimidation reported the most severe adverse effects of violence. This applies not only to comparisons of violence experienced after age 15 but also to women’s experience of violence in the last year. The difference is particularly noticeable when looking at last year’s threat experience. Of those who received threats last year, 58% of them feel anger or hate. 50% feel fear and 50% have low self-esteem. Of the women at risk last year, 41% said they suffered from depression, and nearly one in five, or 17%, said they experienced difficulties at work or school. 4 in 10 say they have had a difficult relationship with a man. Women who have been threatened most strongly report the most negative experiences compared to women who have been physically or sexually assaulted. 4 out of 10 women who were threatened last year reported difficulty in relationships with men. Nearly 1 in 5 women who have been threatened in the past year report difficulties at work or college. Summary and Comments 64% of women who have been assaulted believe that the violence has harmed them. Comparing the outcomes reported by these women with the types of violence they were subjected to, we find that women who experienced intimidation reported the most negative. Women Experiencing Medication Threats Treatment with psychotropic drugs was found to be somewhat more reported in women who had experienced violence than in women who had never experienced violence. Taking medication is slightly more common than in other groups. The questionnaire asked women whether they were taking any medications to help them sleep, calm their nerves or relieve depression.
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights states that “all and sundry is entitled to any or all the rights and freedoms set forth at some stage in this Declaration, without difference of any kind, like race, color, sex, language, religion, political or different opinions, country wide or social origin, property, delivery or every other status.” (Article 2). Type of Women’s Rights Violation in lots of types such as torture wherein home and own circle of relatives violence and trafficking is the pinnacle of those and there unequal electricity family members among guys and ladies are each manifested and enforced. Violence in opposition to ladies is compounded through discrimination on the grounds of race, ethnicity, sexual identity, rank, class, and age. Such a couple forms of discrimination similarly ladies’ choices, boom their vulnerability to violence and make it even more difficult for women to get justice. There’s an unbroken spectrum of violence that ladies face on the fingers of those who exert manipulation over them. States must stop, defend in opposition to, and punish violence in opposition to ladies whether or not perpetrated through non-public or public actors. States must uphold requirements of due diligence and take steps to fulfill their obligation to defend individuals from human rights abuses.
The Declaration at the Elimination of Violence Against Women states that “violence towards ladies manner any act of gender-primarily based totally violence that finally ends up in, or might be going to quit in, physical, sexual or mental damage or struggling to ladies, consisting of threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether or not occurring publicly or in digital existence.” (Article 1) It similarly asserts that states should “exercising due diligence to forestall, look at and, following countrywide legislation, punish acts of violence towards ladies, whether or not the one’s acts are perpetrated with the aid of using the State or with the aid of using non-public persons.” (Article 4-c)
The Convention at the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), defines discrimination towards ladies as any “distinction, exclusion or restriction made at the premise of intercourse which has the impact or cause of impairing or nullifying the popularity, leisure or exercising with the aid of using ladies, regardless of their criminal status, on the concept of equality among guys and ladies, of human rights or essential freedoms inside the political, economic, social, cultural, civil or the other field.” (Article 1). Violence towards ladies is rampant in all informed corners of the planet. Such violence can be a human rights violation that manifests itself in some ways, consisting of: Violence toward ladies may be a worldwide pandemic. Without exception, a woman’s finest threat of violence is from a person she knows. Force can be a contravention of a woman’s proper physical integrity, liberty, and every person too often, to her proper existence itself. When states fail to require the essential steps to protect ladies from pressure or permit those crimes to be devoted with impunity, states are failing in their obligation.
The Problem of Impunity Perpetrators of violence in opposition to women is not often held chargeable for their acts. Women who are sufferers of gender-associated violence regularly have little recourse due to the fact many national businesses are responsible for gender bias and discriminatory practices. Many women prefer to now no longer record instances of violence to the government due to the fact they worry about being disliked and shamed with the aid of user groups which can be too regularly short to charge sufferers of violence for the abuses they want to be suffered. When girls do undertake their abusers, it could regularly simplest be done with the aid of using lengthy and humiliating courtroom docket battles with little sympathy from the government or the media. Violence in opposition to girls is so deeply embedded in society that it regularly fails to garner public censure and outrage. Area of Study—Factors Against girls’ rights. The UN Decade for women (1976-1985) served to internationalize girls’ worries and contributed to growing the girls’ movement as a transnational lobby. Some critics of the observance of the ultimate decade had argued that it had restrained realistic consequences. Some say that is regularly due to the fact poverty among girls in growing nations impedes the advertising of human rights for them, Elimination of poverty is the mom of human rights and till and unless poverty is eliminated, bad girls may not be prepared to stable their rights.
International governance institutions politicized the specific action on women’s Asylum and their children’s rights emerged several contradictions between words and actions were found which is delineated by “Anna Lundberg” Department of Global Political Studies, Malmo university) in her article “The Marginalization of Children’s Rights under the Swedish Asylum Procedure: The Best Interests of the Child Principle”. First off, despite Swedish law expectations, children were not given as much of a voice, and in discussions with them, their unique asylum claims were hardly discussed. Second, when evaluating asylum requests, responses from kids were not given much weight. Last but not least, the “best interests” clause in the law was primarily employed to justify the denial of asylum claims. Asylum applications in Sweden are handled by officials of the Transitional Commission, a government agency responsible for the asylum process from the application stage through the grant of a residence permit or voluntary return to home. As representatives of governmental authorities in States parties to the 1989 Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) that public officials must consider the best interests of the child as a primary consideration in all actions and decisions related to CRC As described below, the Swedish authorities respect, protect and enforce children’s rights in Swedish asylum procedures and all other activities relating concerning children within its territorial jurisdiction.
Based on her two-year research project conducted in collaboration with immigration authorities from 2006-2008 the content of the child’s best interests on the survey regardless of nationality, the results are undoubtedly vague and difficult to enforce according to Article 1 of the CRC, a child in Sweden is defined as under the age of 18. But realizing the best interests of children is subject to conflicting constraints, such as migration controls and human rights for all. The child’s best interests are one of the important factors considered when foreign children apply for asylum in Sweden with their parents. In such cases, several questions confronted a link between the child’s health status and the decision outcomes in the asylum process to be heard. And there is a question of whether indicators are working on family interests fully into their account when examining family asylum claims. Taking children into their account observation changed into carried out at the definition of the excellent interests of the kid in policies—that is, legislation, lawbreaking commentaries, and propositions—as well as handbooks and inner pointers used on the Migration Board. The observation aimed to recognize completely how the excellent interests of the kid must be carried out in asylum instances. Their 102 “oral examination” instances of asylum-searching for families have been additionally studied, and semi-established interviews have been carried out with 35 dealing with officials on the Migration Board. This gap in the said data is signaling frightening issues.
The asylum decisions studied worried all the ones asylum-searching for youngsters followed through one or each dad and mom who in 2007 acquired a selection through Migration Board gadgets in Sweden’s three largest cities: Malmo (forty-nine decisions), Stockholm (nine decisions), and Gothenburg (forty-four decisions), following what is understood as “oral examination”. “Oral examination” instances are the one’s instances that the Migration Board defines as greater hard than different instances to consider, that is, in which it’s far doubtful what the final results can be. They have been decided on inside the observation to offer examples of dilemmas surrounding the realistic utility of the excellent hobbies of the kid. It may be predicted that the life of simply formal descriptions of the excellent hobbies precept is rarer in those instances than in different much less complicated ones. The Swedish Migration Board, being the significant migration management in Sweden, has around three, 3000 personnel running at numerous places all through the country. When youngsters practice for asylum in Sweden, the Migration Board’s task is to don’t forget the excellent hobbies of the kid all through the complete asylum process. This is said in one of the introductory chapters inside the Aliens Act, and additionally inside the government’s commands to the Migration Board (Peirano, 1998), as well as in numerous of the Board’s inner documents. In this section, an Elaboration can be made on the excellent hobbies of the kid precept from a youngsters’ rights angle, accompanied by an outline of the mandate of the Migration Board. The excellent hobbies of the kid are one of the essential standards of the CRC, grounding the translation of all youngsters’ rights and freedoms.
According to Thomas Hammarberg, now Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights, the maximum essential concept of youngsters’ rights is expressed in article three (Lundberg, 2011: p. 99), which states, in paragraph 1:In all moves concerning youngsters, whether or not undertaken through public or personal social welfare institutions, courts of law, administrative government or legislative bodies, As derived from the CRC, article three does now no longer create any unique rights for youngsters and therefore neither does it create any unique responsibility at the part of states. Despite, or possibly due to the fact of, its importance, the precept isn’t always virtually described inside the CRC (Lundberg, 2011: p. 11) states that a youngsters’ rights angle must be developed all through government, parliament, and the judiciary. This is needed for powerful implementation of the complete Convention and, in particular, in light of the overall standards in articles 2, 6, and 12 (Lundberg, 2011: para. 12).
In the system of “using” the principle, numerous constitutional tensions should be balanced: long-time period (future-oriented) as opposed to short-time period pleasant pursuits of the infant; kids’ personal stories and perceptions as opposed to mother and father’ thoughts around what constitutes the pleasant pursuits of the kid; specific expert groups’ perceptions of the pleasant pursuits of the kid; and the social context and cultural values (Lundberg, 2011: p. 59). When a man or woman kids’ instances are assessed there may be additional anxiety among an open-ended interpretation of the infant’s pleasant pursuits, in which the legal professional or authentic strives to understand what the pleasant is for this unique infant, and an interpretation this is primarily based on, and strictly connected to, legislation, propositions, and prison commentaries (Lundberg, 2011: p. 53). But what do the pleasant pursuits of the kid imply then, substantially?
There isn’t any definition inside the (CRC) Convention on the Rights of the Child and the above tensions now no longer make it less complicated to frame. There is an apparent hazard that the pleasant pursuits of the kid become “an alibi for the man or woman arbitrariness, an alibi for own circle of relatives and greater well-known social rules for which the regulation serves as an instrument (Lundberg, 2011: p. 82). Despite this we can in no way break out the factor that kids” pursuits are important. One indicator of that is the reality that the pleasant pursuits of the kid are normally described as one of the essential articles inside the CRC. Another is that it miles intensively mentioned inside the literature and plenty mentioned in policy (Lundberg, 2011: p. 1; see additionally, for example, Lundberg, 2021.
We founded on the CRC there are numerous precise rights, which represent a tangible fact of the pleasant pursuits of the kid: Anna Lundberg given the direction with directives as a remedy to occupy the best interest of the children’s that one is, In the case of moves and choices affecting a man or woman infant, the pleasant pursuits of that man or woman infant should be taken into account, this is, kids’ pleasant pursuits can in no way be overlooked. The second on It is in an infant’s pleasant pursuits to keep in touch with each mother and father in most circumstances (article 9.3) and it’s miles in kids’ pleasant pursuits to be heard and feature their critiques taken into account (article 12). The CRC recognizes that the extent of a child’s participation in choices should be suitable to the kid’s degree of maturity. The third piece of advice found that Parents have the number one decision-making obligation on behalf of their kids (articles five and 18.1) but, if they fail to make the kid’s pleasant pursuits a primary concern, the nation might also additionally interfere to guard the one’s pursuits (see, for example, article 9.1). And fourth concerning kids who’re especially susceptible and are in a vulnerable position, the nation has an extra obligation to make certain of their rights (see, for example, article 22 concerning asylum-searching for kids).
4. Methodology of Research
Qualitative methods were used for all three research questions because of the limitation of data. I mostly followed descriptive and analytical methods, appropriate techniques, strategies, and approaches have been applied at all stages of conducting this research.
5. Findings Challenges and Proposals
In an academic traversal of four historical stages of European immigration policy from the mid-1970s to the mid-2015s, anti-immigrant parties existed in Europe. Programs and initiatives are identified by Tampere (2000-2005), and Hoag (2005-2010) and the Stockholm Program (2010-2014) were doomed to disappointment due to his current JHA policy being embedded in his EU context. The Stockholm Program also focused on further coordinating immigration and asylum policy, with the help of Visa. It is the second generation whose rights are ensured by UDHR.
We need to actively focus on national judicial and governmental bodies to eliminate the many facets of violence against women’s rights and Asylum children’s rights against it. If there is an urgent need for action by us or by any country to eliminate this problem, all countries should be encouraged to mitigate this problem, develop human rights and recognize their rights. I think we can. Denoted the recommendations from the international community on how to implement resolutions internationally for the best interests of women in my context as well as respect the Anna Lundberg directives for the best of asylum children application approval to stay with their parent in Sweden. Based on culture and patriarchy, provide more security and protection concerning the marginalization of women in terms of silence, ignorance, and illiteracy, and provide more security and protection for international immigrants if parents of asylum seek it. Better monitoring of health and cohabitation rights of children. To address gaps identified in resolutions. Where the situation is different for the World Organization, its Member States, and the Member States and bodies of people who appear to be unrecognized by the international community. For the resolution to be fully accountable to women, it must apply to both institutions. The structures that exist within international organizations (UNHCR, World Health, ignore locals and restrict their freedom of movement. For internally displaced persons, there is a need to establish an international body, separate from UNHCR, accountable to internally displaced persons to address their explosive needs. The Member States should formulate and objectively monitor policies regarding internally displaced persons. There is no room for civil society groups to both oversee and assess impacts, civil society organizations must act as stewards of the president’s policies. Lack of early warning system. Conflict resolution strategies are numerous but lack practice. The need for gender-sensitive peace.
Proposed Recommendations, they could do their best on the following aspects:
1) Diminish the uncertainty in the context of GBV which is unique to produce especially “Asylum Women’s rights” based on cultural differences at home to Abroad.
2) Reform of the strategy of the Swedish migration board and monitoring& evaluation is highly needed for the children’s asylum applications in Sweden are handled by their officials.
3) Target strategic groups in existing regional institutions and governments for the development of women and children’s rights for international migrant’s rights in the Asylum act.
4) Target UN agencies and other international humanitarian agencies for better integration, transparency, and governance for the rights issue of Women and children.
5) Include areas with defectors but unrecognized governments as areas within which women require the protection and promises of Resolution 1325.
6) The worldwide network has to be asked to deliver ok sources of potential construction for civil society organizations.
7) Monitoring the Resolution must follow to all or any states whether or not or not diagnosed or not. Key Issues (1) Discriminatory laws deny their human rights, lack mechanisms to cope with gender imbalances, deny girls’ mobility, bodily further as professionally.
8) Culture of exclusion and discrimination in the control of socio-monetary philosophy and useful resource base continuation of the colonial legacy of divide and rule Simmering conflicts throughout the board (ethnic, religious, generational, geographical) failure with the useful resource of using all sectors of society to control troubles that stand up from religious, national, and ethnic differences.
9) Strengthened strategic roles and positions in protection and peace organs and processes.
10) Institutionalization of patriarchy and male mold with interior the definition of peace and protection—exclusion of ladies’ views exclusion of various additives of society like individuals with disabilities and youth.
11) Culture and customs which are distorted in competition to girls’ interests and participation violence, girls are a growing wide variety of being used as items of war. Gaps inside the Resolution the Resolution fails to address, Socio-political and monetary context of Internally Displaced Persons.
12) Involve the media and community.
13) Sharing information.