Author(s)

T. R. Mongan

84 Marin Avenue, Sausalito, California 94965, USA.

Unexpected JWST observations of large-scale structure in the very early universe are explained by holographic analysis. Traditional galaxy formation models involving mass increase by clustering and merging cannot account for those observations. At a fundamental level, information specifies distribution of matter within the universe. Holographic analysis (based on quantum mechanics, general relativity, black hole thermodynamics, and Shannon information theory) finds only about 10¹²² bits of information on the event horizon will ever be available to describe distribution of matter in the universe. Visible large-scale structures (LSS), comprised of individual stars within isothermal spheres of cold dark matter, can be categorized as galaxy clusters, galaxies, or star clusters. Probability $\frac{K}{m}$ of total LSS mass m in a given LSS category, with constant K, results in greater numbers of small structures than large structures in each LSS category, and uniform distribution of information and matter across the mass range in each LSS category. Holographic analysis provides estimates, consistent with observations, of LSS and central black hole mass range in each LSS category, and stellar mass range as a function of redshift.

Unexpected Early Galaxies, JWST, Holographic Analysis

Mongan, T. R. (2026) Holographic Analysis Explains Unexpected High Redshift JWST Data. Journal of Modern Physics, 17, 476-482. doi: 10.4236/jmp.2026.174021.