Author(s)

Hassane Seini Moussa¹, Philbert Nshimiyimana^1,2*, Césaire Hema^1,3, Ousmane Zoungrana^1,4, Adamah Messan¹, Luc Courard²

¹Institut International d’Ingénierie de l’Eau et de l’Environnement (2iE), Laboratoire Eco-Matériaux et Habitats Durables (LEMHaD), Rue de la Science, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
²Université de Liège (ULiège), Urban and Environmental Engineering (UEE), Liège, Belgium.
³Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Architecture et Climat, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium.
⁴Université de Liège (ULiège), Service socio-anthropologie du développement, Liège, Belgium.

This paper investigates the stabilization effect on compressed earth blocks (CEB) produced from quartz-kaolinite rich earthen material stabilized with 0% - 25% calcium carbide residue (CCR). The paper evaluated various physico-thermal properties of the stabilized CEB and thermal comfort in the model building made of CEB masonry. The optical properties of CEB were evaluated from the mineral composition of the earthen material and CCR and apparent density of the CEB. A simulation was carried out on naturally ventilated model building whose masonry is made of CCR stabilized CEB comparing to the so-called conventional cementitious materials such as cement blocks and concrete. The results showed a decrease of the apparent density of the CEB from 2100 kg·m^–3 for unstabilized CEB (0% CCR) to 1600 kg·m^–3 for 25% CCR stabilized CEB. The thermal conductivity and depth of penetration of the heat flux on a 24 hours period of CEB respectively decreased from 1 W·m^–1·K^–1 and 12.7 cm for 0% CCR-CEB to 0.5 W·m^–1·K^–1 and 10.2 cm for 25% CCR-CEB. The emissivity, solar absorptivity and visible absorptivity of the CEB respectively decreased from 0.82, 0.82 and 0.82 for 0% CCR-CEB to 0.80, 0.64 and 0.64 for 25% CCR-CEB. The number of hours of warm and humid thermal discomfort was impacted for stabilized CEB based masonry in comparison with cement based masonry. The warm discomfort in building made of 20% CCR-CEB masonry was 400 hours lesser than that in building made of hollow cement blocks masonry. If air conditioning system is used to keep the indoor temperature below 28°C, the economy of 310,000 CFA francs (535 USD) is made every year on energy consumption for cooling in the model building made of 20% CCR-CEB masonry, corresponding to 9.6% less, with respect to that made of hollow cement blocks masonry.

Calcium Carbide Residue, Compressed Earth Block, Cementitious Materials, Energy Plus Software, Thermal Comfort

Moussa, H. , Nshimiyimana, P. , Hema, C. , Zoungrana, O. , Messan, A. and Courard, L. (2019) Comparative Study of Thermal Comfort Induced from Masonry Made of Stabilized Compressed Earth Block vs Conventional Cementitious Material. Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering, 7, 385-403. doi: 10.4236/jmmce.2019.76026.