Author(s)

Mariam El Galiou¹, Hajar Fitah¹, Naima Ouzeddoun¹, Rabia Bayahya¹, Tarik Bouattar¹, Laila Lahlou², Nawal Doghmi³, Loubna Benamar¹

¹Nephrology-Dialysis-Renal Transplantation Department, Ibn Sina University Hospital, Mohamed V University, Rabat, Morocco.
²Laboratory of Biostatistics, Clinical Research and Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Mohamed V University, Rabat, Morocco.
³Department of Cardiology B, Ibn Sina University Hospital, Mohamed V University, Rabat, Morocco.

Introduction: Cardio-renal syndrome (CRS) is a complex pathophysiological entity affecting the heart and kidneys in which acute or chronic dysfunction of one organ can induce acute or chronic dysfunction of the other organ. Five types of CRS have been described. Methods: The study explored the prevalence and types of Cardiorenal Syndrome (CRS) at Ibn Sina University Hospital of Rabat. Over a year, 120 CRS patients were assessed, excluding those with end-stage chronic renal failure. We analyzed the epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic and evolutionary profile of these patients. Results: The average age of our patients is 67.8 ± 12 years, with extremes ranging from 39 years to 92 years. The sex ratio is 1.35. The different types of CRS types (1, 2, 4 and 5) were noted respectively in 28.4%, 20.8%, 5%, 45.8%, however, we did not note patients having CRS type 3. On the renal level, we noted acute renal failure (ARF) in 51.6% of patients, of whom 61.3% had functional ARF and 38.7% presented with acute tubular necrosis. Chronic renal failure (CRF) is found in 48.4% of cases, of which 39% are at stage III and 61% are at stage IV. The etiology of CKD is dominated by hypertensive nephropathy (72.4%) followed by diabetic nephropathy (60.3%). Therapeutically diuretics are administered in 51% of our patients. We used hemodialysis in 9.1% of patients who are resistant to diuretics. Vasoactive drugs are used in 9.5% of our patients. Mortality risk factors for patients with CRS are significantly related to advanced age, long hospital stay, type 1 CRS, re-hospitalization, acute pulmonary edema (APE), use of hemodialysis, right heart failure (RHF), valvulopathy and hemodynamic instability (OR = 1.15, p = 0.01; OR = 4.5, p = 0.03; OR = 5.2, p = 0.019; p < 0.01; OR = 2.7, p = 0.023; p = 0.018, OR = 14.12; p = 0.046, OR = 14.53; p = 0.009; OR = 20.06, p = 0.002, respectively). Re-hospitalization is significantly correlated with profound anemia in multivariate analysis (p ≤ 0.01). Conclusion: CRS type 5 was most common, with hypertension and diabetes being primary causes of Chronic Kidney Disease. Mortality factors were linked to acute pulmonary edema, hemodialysis, right heart failure, valvulopathy, and re-hospitalization

Cardiorenal Syndrome, Acute Kidney Injury, Diabetes, Sepsis, Hemodialysis

Galiou, M. , Fitah, H. , Ouzeddoun, N. , Bayahya, R. , Bouattar, T. , Lahlou, L. , Doghmi, N. and Benamar, L. (2023) Renal Profile of Patients with Cardiorenal Syndrome: Nephrology and Cardiology Department Experience of the IBN SINA University Hospital of Rabat. Open Journal of Nephrology, 13, 263-279. doi: 10.4236/ojneph.2023.133026.