Author(s)

Ikia Monde Valsy Russelh^1,2, Evariste Bouenizabila^2,3, Farel Elilie Mawa Ongoth^2,3, Raissa Laure Mayanda Ohouna^2,3, Aymande Okoumou-Moko², Paulin Kibeke³, Ghislain Loubano-Voumbi², Luc Magloire Boumba Anicet^2,4, Wilson Fabrice Ondongo⁵, Mayindou Kimbangu Archimède Gotran², Tienelle Freiss Mabiala Wann², Koumou Onanga¹, Thierry Raoul Ngombea⁵, Benjamin Longo Mbenza⁶, Edouard Ngou Milama⁷, Christian Andres⁸, Etienne Mokondjimobe^2,6, Henri Germain Monabeka^2,3

¹Biochemistry Laboratory Department, University Hospital Center, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo.
²Faculty of Health Sciences, Marien Ngouabi University, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo.
³Department of Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases, University Hospital, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo.
⁴Pointe-Noire Research Area, National Institute for Research in Health Sciences, Pointe-Noire, Republic of the Congo.
⁵Department of Statistics, Health Information and Epidemiological Surveillance, Departmental Directorate of Health Care and Services, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo.
⁶Department of Public Health, LOMO Research University, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
⁷Faculty of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Libreville, Gabon.
⁸Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tours Regional University Hospital, Tours, France.

Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains a major global public health problem. This complex metabolic disorder can lead to various complications, including cardiovascular diseases (leading cause of death) in T2D. Among the biochemical markers associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease, homocysteine is currently one of the predictive markers under evaluation. We investigate the link between hyperhomocysteinemia and diabetes complications in DT2 population in Brazzaville. Methodology: We conducted a cross-sectional analytical study, from October to December 2022. One hundred and fifty participants were included, 100 patients T2D (34 with complications, 33 with comorbidities, 33 without), and 50 patients controls. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were collected. Homocysteine (Hcy) serum levels were measured using Sandwich ELISA method. Results: Study population was composed of 50% males and 50% females with sex ratio of 1; mean age was 52.2 ± 10.8 years (30 - 83). The prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) was 36% (20% moderate Hcy, 15% intermediate and 1% severe). Mean Hcy concentration was 31.9 μmol/l (18 - 103). Age, gender and physical inactivity were strongly correlated to Hcy (OR of 3.5; 9.4 and 3 respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that HHcy was a risk accelerator for degenerative complications (stroke: OR = 6.2; ischemic heart disease: 4.9; neuropathy: 9.2; retinopathy: 4.5 and peripheral arterial disease: 4.9). Conclusion: These findings suggest that hyperhomocysteinemia can be considered as a predictive marker to be taken into account in targeting cardiovascular risk in Congolese subjects with T2D.

Hyperhomocysteinemia, Patients with T2D, Risk Factor, Acceleration Factor, Degenerative Complications, Congo

Russelh, I. , Bouenizabila, E. , Ongoth, F. , Ohouna, R. , Okoumou-Moko, A. , Kibeke, P. , Loubano-Voumbi, G. , Anicet, L. , Ondongo, W. , Gotran, M. , Wann, T. , Onanga, K. , Ngombea, T. , Mbenza, B. , Milama, E. , Andres, C. , Mokondjimobe, E. and Monabeka, H. (2023) Hyperhomocysteinemia: Risk Factors and Faster Onset of Degenerative Complications of Type 2 Diabetes in Brazzaville. Journal of Diabetes Mellitus, 13, 257-267. doi: 10.4236/jdm.2023.133020.