Prevalence and Predictors of Obesity among Undergraduate Students at a Private University, Nairobi, Kenya ()
ABSTRACT
Background: Obesity, especially central obesity, is a major risk factor for
cardiovascular diseases and type-2 diabetes, known for their significant
morbidity and mortality. University students are at increased risk of obesity
due to adoption of unhealthy lifestyles and school-related stress. However,
there is scant information regarding the prevalence and risk factors of obesity
among university students in Kenya. The study aimed to determine the prevalence
and factors associated with general and abdominal obesity among undergraduate
students of The Catholic University of Eastern Africa, Kenya. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was employed among undergraduate students
(n = 245) of The Catholic University of Eastern Africa, Nairobi. A systematic
random sampling method was used to select the study participants. Lifestyle
risk factors associated with obesity were collected using a structured questionnaire adopted from the WHO STEP-wise approach
to non-communicable disease risk factor surveillance. Anthropometric
measures of weight, height, and waist circumference were appropriately
measured. The data were analyzed using SPSS software (ver: 22). The chi-square test of
independence and binary logistic regression was used
to establish an association between dependent and independent variables. Results: The prevalence of general and abdominal obesity was 19.6% and 27.8%,
respectively. Risk factors of general obesity were age ≥ 20 years (OR, 9.95; 95%
CI, 3.09 - 32.08, p < 0.001), sedentary lifestyle (OR, 11.36; 95% CI, 2.08 -
61.96, p = 0.005), staying with parents (OR, 3.22; 95% CI, 1.09 - 9.58, p =
0.035), consumption of fast/processed foods (OR, 7.83; 95% CI, 1.90 - 32.21, p
= 0.004). Risk factors for abdominal obesity were being female (OR, 38.76; 95%
CI, 5.07 - 296.54, p < 0.001), staying with parents (OR, 3.02; 95% CI, 1.14
- 7.99, p = 0.026) and sedentary lifestyle (OR, 6.55; 95% CI, 1.80 - 23.81, p =
0.004). Conclusion: Being female, sedentary lifestyle, and consumption of fast/processed foods were found as predictors of obesity.
Behavioural intervention is required to mitigate the burden of obesity among
university students in Kenya. This can be achieved through promoting
intervention programmes that lead to changing the built environment,
counseling, and behavioral-lifestyle modification of students.