Author(s)

Jean Chrysostome Gody^1,2, Brice Olivier Bogning Mejiozem^1*, Ghislain Franck Houndjahoue³, Vanessa Iris Gaspiet Sonny¹, Mario Giobbia⁴, Pierpaolo Grisetti⁴, Cristina Ceresoli⁴, Deborah Nguimba¹, Raffaella Marino³, Sandra Garba Ouangole⁵, Wasianga Kendewa¹, Festus Regis Mbrenga⁵, Evodie Pierrette Kakouguere¹, Ida Maxime Kangale-Wando¹, Emmanuel Nakoune^2,5

¹Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pédiatrique de Bangui (CHUPB), Bangui, Central African Republic.
²Faculté des Sciences de la Santé (FACSS), Université de Bangui, Bangui, Central African Republic.
³Médecins avec l’Afrique CUAMM International NGO, Padova, Italy.
⁴Associazione Amici Per Il Centrafrica ODV, Limido Comasco, Italy.
⁵Institut Pasteur de Bangui, Bangui, Central African Republic.

Background: Acute respiratory infections (ARI) are recognized as an important cause of morbidity, mortality, and hospitalization among children in developing countries. Objectives: To identify the respiratory viruses circulating in Central African children before the SARS-COV2 pandemic and to assess the clinical manifestations. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive, multicenter study, run from March 1, 2019, to March 31, 2020. Children aged 28 days to 15 year-old, with respiratory symptoms ≤10 days had been included. Nasopharyngeal swabs were taken and sent to the Institute Pasteur in Bangui (WHO National Referral Center for influenza). Virus research was done by cell and molecular culture techniques. Data were recorded and processed with Access 2019 software, then analyzed with STATA version 14 software. Chi-square test and ANOVA test were used to compare proportions at the p < 0.05 threshold. Results: Out of 659 children included during the study period, viruses were identified in 231 children, for an overall positivity rate of 35.05% (231/659). Rhinoviruses (RV) and influenza viruses were found in 66.23% and 16.88% respectively. Virus-virus co-infections were found in 10 (10/231) children (4.32%). Children under 5 years of age were more represented (78.60%). The main reasons for consultation were: fever (96.20%), cough (95.45%), runny nose (78.5%), and breathing difficulty (30.50%). ILI (Influenza-Like Illness) was found in 71.02% versus 28.98% of SARI (Severe Acute Respiratory Infection). There was a statistically significant association between age < 5 years and severity of acute respiratory infection (p = 0.001). The outcome was known for the 122 children at the CHUPB site with a mortality rate of 17.21% (n = 21). Conclusion: Viral ARI is common in children in Central African Republic. Care givers should think about it in order to reduce the inappropriate prescription of antibiotics.

Acute Respiratory Infections, Virus, Children, Central African Republic

Gody, J. , Mejiozem, B. , Houndjahoue, G. , Sonny, V. , Giobbia, M. , Grisetti, P. , Ceresoli, C. , Nguimba, D. , Marino, R. , Ouangole, S. , Kendewa, W. , Mbrenga, F. , Kakouguere, E. , Kangale-Wando, I. and Nakoune, E. (2022) Viral Acute Respiratory Infections in Central African Republic Children: Epidemiological and Clinical Aspects. Open Journal of Pediatrics, 12, 332-346. doi: 10.4236/ojped.2022.122037.