Exploring the Anti-Hypertensive Properties of Medicinal Plants and Their Bioactive Metabolites: An Extensive Review ()
ABSTRACT
Medicinal plants are extensively used in traditional
folk medicine. High blood pressure is associated with the risk of
cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and many other serious health complications
resulting from it as a major concern of morbidity and mortality in health sector. Use of
diuretics, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, beta adrenergic
receptor antagonists (beta blockers), alpha adrenergic receptor antagonists
(alpha blockers), calcium channel blockers (CCBs) etc. are not efficient enough
to cure hypertension. Side effects regarding these medications lead to
intolerance, impaired control of the disease, and also mismanagement of
therapy. So, approach regarding quenching new potent therapeutic compounds from
medicinal plants draws attention nowadays. For example, as a first-line therapeutic agent, an
alkaloid is highly effective in lowering systolic blood pressure which is
isolated from root extract of the plant of Rauwolfia
serpentina species, namely reserpine. This article comes up with a list of
63 plant species from 37 families, compiling information related to plant parts
used for making extracts, types of extract and animals used in these studies,
antihypertensive effect of the extracts etc. It also refers to 74 chemically
defined molecules, with in vitro and in vivo anti-hypertensive potential,
isolated from these extracts along with their dosage and mechanism of action by
using electronic searches of published articles from
various databases and reference books. Our present work would be beneficial for
researchers to investigate and invent novel antihypertensive therapy to treat
hypertension.
Share and Cite:
Asif, M. , Lisa, S. and Qais, N. (2021) Exploring the Anti-Hypertensive Properties of Medicinal Plants and Their Bioactive Metabolites: An Extensive Review.
American Journal of Plant Sciences,
12, 1705-1740. doi:
10.4236/ajps.2021.1211119.