Author(s)

Alexander Shimkevich

NRC Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia.

Chemical properties of seawater are studied at forced shifting of Fermi level ε_F  in the band gap of liquid water due to deviation of its composition H₂O_1−z ( | z｜< 10⁻¹³ ) from the stoichiometric one ( z = 0 ). It is shown that the hypo-stoichiometric state ( z > 0 ) of seawater emerges when Fermi level is shifted to the local electron level  εH₃O of hydroxonium H₃O⁺ in galvanic cell with the strongly polarized anode and the quasi-equilibrium cathode. Then, each εH₃O is occupied by electron and hydroxonium radicals [H₃O]  together with hydroxide anions [OH⁻] form in seawater hydrated electrons [(H₂O)₂⁻] . The opposite hyper-stoichiometric state ( z < 0 ) of seawater is gotten in galvanic cell with the strongly polarized cathode and the quasi-equilibrium anode. Then, Fermi level is shifted to the local energy level ε_OH for removing electron from each hydroxide ion OH⁻ and forming hydroxyl radicals [OH] as strong oxidizers. It turned out that the ions of sodium and chlorine are connected into hydrates of sodium hypochlorite NaClO in this case.

Non-Stoichiometric Seawater, Band Gap, Fermi Level, Galvanic Cell, Electron Donor, Sodium Hypochlorite

Shimkevich, A. (2019) On the Galvanic Modification of Seawater. World Journal of Condensed Matter Physics, 9, 112-121. doi: 10.4236/wjcmp.2019.94009.