Author(s)

Bertrand F. Ellenga-Mbolla^1,2*, Aude Loko-Lemba², Solange F. Mongo-Ngamami¹, Christian M. Kouala-Landa², Igor Ondze-Kafata², Stephane M. Ikama², Thierry R. Gombet², Gisèle Kimbally-Kaky^1,2

¹Department of Cardiology, University Teaching Hospital of Brazzaville, Brazzaville, Congo.
²Department of Doctoral Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Marien Ngouabi University of Brazzaville, Brazzaville, Congo.

Background: To determine mortality causes and the associated factors. Patients and Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2014 to May 2015 (1 year) in the department of cardiology at University and teaching Hospital of Brazzaville. Patients admitted for cardiovascular diseases were included. Patients admitted for cardiovascular disease in other departments of the hospital, or without cardiovascular diseases were not included. Results: In total, 1035 patients, 605 women (5804%) were included. Mean age was 57.1 ± 7 years (range: 18 - 85 years). The patients were: elderly (n = 498, 48.1%), educated (n = 809, 78.1%), low-income (n = 253, 24.2%). The medical history of patients was: hypertension (n = 440, 42.5%), diabetes (n = 316, 30.5%), reduced physical activity (n = 154, 14.9%), excessive alcohol intake (n = 56, 5.4%). Heart failure was reported in 386 cases (37.3%). The mortality rate was 8% (n = 83); the mean age of deceased was 61.9 ± 7.3 years (p < 0.0001). The associated diseases in death were dilated cardiomyopathy (n = 37, 44.6%, OR 5, 95%CI 3.1 - 8, p < 0.0001), hypertensive heart disease (n = 30, 36.1%, OR 2.1, 95%CI 1.3 -3.3, p = 0.002), atrial fibrillation (n = 24, 29%, OR 3.6, 95%CI 2.2 - 6, p < 0.0001), acute stroke (n = 6, 7.2%, OR 3.8, 95%CI 1.4 - 9.8, p = 0.005). The associated death comorbidities were: acute respiratory infection (n = 44, 53%, OR 10.1, 95%CI 6.2 - 16, p < 0.0001), anemia (n = 27, 32.5%, OR 6, 95%CI 3.5 - 10 p < 0.0001), kidney failure (n = 17, 20.5%, OR 3.7, 95%CI 2 - 6.8, p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Hypertension, heart failure and cardiomyopathies are the leading causes of mortality in the department of cardiology. Prevention and patient education in a low-income environment are essential elements to reduce this morbidity.

Mortality, Cardiovascular Disease, Blacks Africans, Sub-Saharan Africa

Ellenga-Mbolla, B. , Loko-Lemba, A. , Mongo-Ngamami, S. , Kouala-Landa, C. , Ondze-Kafata, I. , Ikama, S. , Gombet, T. and Kimbally-Kaky, G. (2019) Trends of Cardiovascular Mortality in Blacks Africans from Central African City: Hospital Based Study, Brazzaville (Congo). World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases, 9, 698-705. doi: 10.4236/wjcd.2019.99063.