Radiological diagnostic errors may have serious clinical and medico-legal implications. Previous work has reported that radiology has a reasonable incidence of error, a number of which are resulted from observer mistakes. The radiologists’ interaction with the image is critical, and studying the types of diagnostic errors to improve patient and radiologist wellbeing, reduce cost and improve the public perception of the health care system is well justified. Therefore, the aim of current review is to consider the primary types of diagnostic errors in radiology, as well as their causes and implications with a focus on mammographic misdiagnosis.