The Relation among the Solar Activity, the Total Ozone, QBO, NAO, and ENSO by Wavelet-Based Multifractal Analysis ()
ABSTRACT
There is an increasing interest in the relation between the solar activity and
climate change. As for the solar activity, a fractal property of the sunspot
number was studied by many works. In general, a fractal property was observed
in the time series of dynamics of complex systems. The purposes of this
study are to investigate the relations among the solar activity, total ozone,
Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO), the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), and El
Ni?o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) from a view of multi-fractality. To detect the changes of multifractality, we examined the multifractal
analysis on the time series of the solar 10.7-cm radio flux (F10.7 flux), total
ozone, QBO, NAO, and Ni?o3.4 indices. During the period 1950
and 2010, for the F10.7 flux and QBO index, the matching in monofractality or
multifractality is observed and the increase and decrease of multifractality is
similar; that is the change of multifractality is similar. In the same way, it is very similar, during the period 1985 and 2010, for the QBO and the total ozone, and during the period 1950 and 2010, for the QBO, and NAO and for the QBO, and Ni?o3.4. Compared to Ni?o3.4, the multifractality of NAO and QBO was strong and it
turns out that they are undergoing unstable change. The relation among the solar activity, total ozone, QBO, NAO, and
ENSO was clarified by the methods of fractal analysis and the wavelet coherence. These findings will contribute to the research of the relation between
the solar activity and climate change.