Author(s)

Kenichi Otoshi¹, Shinichi Kikuchi², Kinshi Kato², Ryohei Sato², Takahiro Igari², Takahiro Kaga¹, Hiroaki Shishido², Shinichi Konno², Ryuji Koga³, Kozo Furushima³, Yoshiyasu Itoh³

¹Department of Sports Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.
²Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.
³Keiyu Orthopaedic Hospital, Tatebayashi, Japan.

Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is one of the common neurovascular disorders of the upper extremities, and the compression or traction of the brachial plexus is the main pathology. We hypothesized that baseball players are more likely to be affected by TOS compared with other overhead-throwing athletes because of strenuous use of their throwing arm. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and clinical characteristics of TOS in high school baseball players. One thousand two hundred eighty-eight high school baseball players were included in this study. The prevalence of symptomatic TOS and its association to disorders of the upper extremities were investigated. The prevalence of symptomatic TOS was 32.8%. Age- and position-adjusted logistic regression analysis revealed that subjects with symptomatic TOS were at significantly higher risk of shoulder and/or elbow pain (odds ratio [OR]: 1.96, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.50 - 2.58) and a higher recurrence rate of shoulder and/or elbow pain during the previous season (OR: 2.38, 95% CI: 1.87 - 3.04). As for physical findings, subjects with symptomatic TOS were also at significantly higher risk of MUCL tenderness (OR: 2.53, 95% CI: 1.83 - 3.50), positive milking maneuver, (OR: 2.63, 95% CI: 1.78 - 3.91), positive subacromial impingement sign (OR: 1.92, 95% CI: 1.20 - 3.07), and positive posterior impingement sign (OR: 2.34, 95% CI: 1.67 - 3.28) compared to the subjects without symptomatic TOS. It is necessary to recognize that TOS is not a rare pathology in overhead-throwing athletes, especially baseball players, and that players with symptomatic TOS are at significantly higher risk of shoulder/elbow pain.

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome, Baseball Players, Prevalence

Otoshi, K. , Kikuchi, S. , Kato, K. , Sato, R. , Igari, T. , Kaga, T. , Shishido, H. , Konno, S. , Koga, R. , Furushima, K. and Itoh, Y. (2017) The Prevalence and Characteristics of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome in High School Baseball Players. Health, 9, 1223-1234. doi: 10.4236/health.2017.98088.