Author(s)

Babatunde Ishola Adejumo^1*, Uchechukwu Dimkpa², Chinwe Obianuju Ewenighi³, Alaba Micheal Emmanuel⁴, Uche Cletus Odionyenma⁵, Gregory Ashimedua Uchuno⁶, Kingsley Ifeanyi Omosor⁷, Festus Idiayuwaru Aghedo⁸

¹Medical Laboratory Science Department, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.
²Physiology Department, Nnewi Campus, NnamdiAzikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria.
³Medical Laboratory Sciences Department, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria.
⁴Medical Laboratory Science Department, College of Health Sciences and Technology, Idah, Nigeria.
⁵Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Technology, Akure, Nigeria.
⁶External Quality Assurance Department, Medical Laboratory Science Council of Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria.
⁷Shalom Diagnostic Medical Laboratory, Warri, Nigeria.
⁸Haematology and Blood Transfusion Science Department, Usman Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria.

Aim: We demonstrated the risk of developing islet autoantibodies-Insulin Autoanti-bodies (IAAs) and Islets cell Autoantibodies (ICAs)-in type-1 diabetic relatives and newly diagnosed type-1 patients compared to non-diabetic controls. We also aimed to determine the predictive strengths of both autoantibodies in the development of type-1 diabetes mellitus, and which of the two autoantibodies is a better predictive marker of type-1 diabetes mellitus among Nigerian adults. Methodology: A total number of four hundred and fifty five (455) subjects (211 (46%) males, and 244 (54%) females) aged between 35 - 76 years were recruited for the study. IAA and ICA levels were estimated using ELISA reagents from Biomerica Inc. Other parameters such as fasting blood sugar, urine glucose, and urine protein were assessed using standard biochemical techniques. Results: Relatives of type-1 diabetic patients and newly diagnosed type-1 diabetic patients were at greater risk (p < 0.05) of testing positive for more than one autoantibody (ICA and IAA) compared to non-diabetic controls. In addition, IAAs appeared to be better predictors or markers of type-1 diabetes mellitus compared to ICAs. Conclusion: The present study indicated a greater risk of autoim-mune destruction of the insulin producing beta cells of the pancrease of the type-1 relatives and newly diagnosed type-1 patients and suggests the need for periodic re-cruitment of individuals in the general population, siblings and relatives of type-1 diabetic patients for planned intervention trials. In addition, IAAs appeared to be better autoimmune markers of type-1 diabetes compared to ICAs.

Type-1 Diabetes, IAA, ICA, Autoimmune Marker, Edo State

Adejumo, B. , Dimkpa, U. , Ewenighi, C. , Emmanuel, A. , Odionyenma, U. , Uchuno, G. , Omosor, K. and Aghedo, F. (2016) The Risk of Islet Cell and Insulin Autoantibodies and Their Predictive Strength as Markers of Type-1 Diabetes in a Cross-Section of Nigerian Population. Health, 8, 1223-1233. doi: 10.4236/health.2016.812125.