Author(s)

Selina E. I. van der Wal, Sandra A. S. van den Heuvel^*, Lisa Cornelissen, Michiel Vaneker, Monique A. H. Steegers, Gert-Jan Scheffer, Kris C. P. Vissers

Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Palliative Medicine Radboud University Nijmegen, Medical Center (RUNMC), Nijmegen, Netherlands.

Background: Mechanical ventilation (hit one) during surgery (hit two) is often needed and both induce an inflammatory response. Dysregulation of the inflammatory response can cause chronic postoperative pain. Methods: Healthy C57BL6 mice (n = 56) were mechanically ventilated (MV) and allocated to receive sham (MV-sham) or mechanically ventilation with chronic constriction injury (MV-CCI) surgery in the left hind paw. Plasma interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, keratinocyte derived chemokine (KC) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were determined on day 0 and 16. Sensory testing was performed on day 0, 3, 7 and 16 by cold plate test (number of lifts (NOL) and cumulative reaction time (CRT)) and von Frey test. The effect of lidocaine on cytokines and sensory testing was analyzed. Results: MV-Sham showed an increase in IL-1β and TNF-α, and MV- CCI-lido increased levels of KC compared with MV on day 0. No difference in cytokine levels was observed on day 16. NOL of the left paw versus the right was increased in MV-CCI on day 7, and in MV-CCI-lido on day 7 and 16. The NOL of the left paw was decreased in MV-sham and MV-CCI-lido compared with MV-CCI on day 16. The CRT of the left paw was increased for MV-CCI on day 3 and 7, and for MV-CCI-lido on day 7. On day 16, MV-sham and MV-CCI-lido showed a decreased CRT of the left paw compared with MV-CCI. Conclusion: Nerve injury and not systemic inflammatory response seems mandatory for development of neuropathic pain in this “two-hit” model. Lidocaine attenuates cold allodynia in mice.

Inflammation, Neuropathic Pain, Allodynia, Lidocaine, Murine Model

I. van der Wal, S. , van den Heuvel, S. , Cornelissen, L. , Vaneker, M. , H. Steegers, M. , Scheffer, G. and Vissers, K. (2016) Intraperitoneally Administered Lidocaine Attenuates Thermal Allodynia in a Murine “Two-Hit” Chronic Constriction Injury Model. Open Journal of Animal Sciences, 6, 217-233. doi: 10.4236/ojas.2016.63028.