Author(s)

Masaki Tokunaga¹, Yasunori Suematsu¹, Shin-ichiro Miura^1,2*, Takashi Kuwano¹, Atsushi Iwata^1,2, Hiroaki Nishikawa¹, Bo Zhang^2,3, Naohiro Yonemoto⁴, Hiroshi Nonogi⁵, Ken Nagao⁶, Takeshi Kimura⁷, Keijiro Saku^1,2*

¹Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan.
²The AIG Collaborative Research Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.
³Department of Biochemistry, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan.
⁴Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.
⁵Hospital Deputy, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan.
⁶Department of Cardiology, Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care, Surugadai Nihon University Hospital, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
⁷Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.

Background: The consumption of carbonated beverages has been shown to increase the risk of developing metabolic syndrome. The associations between the consumption of carbonated beverages and left arterial dimension or left ventricular mass are believed to be likely related to the greater body weight of carbonated beverage drinkers relative to non-drinkers. Nonetheless, little is known about the association between the consumption of carbonated beverages and out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs) in Japan. Methods: We compared the age-adjusted incidence of OHCAs to the expenditures on various beverages per person between 2005 and 2011 in the 47 prefectures of Japan. Patients who suffered from OHCAs of cardiac and non-cardiac origin were enrolled in All-Japan Utstein Registry of the Fire and Disaster Management Agency. The expenditures on various beverages per person in the 47 prefectures in Japan were obtained from data published by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan. Results: There were 797,422 cases of OHCA in the All-Japan Utstein registry between 2005 and 2011, including 11,831 cases who did not receive resuscitation. Among these 785,591 cases of OHCA, 435,064 (55.4%) were classified as cardiac origin and 350,527 (44.6%) were non-cardiac origin. Non-cardiac origin included cerebrovascular disease, respiratory disease, malignant tumor, and exogenous disease (4.8%, 6.1%, 3.5%, and 18.9%, respectively). The expenditures on carbonated beverages were significantly associated with OHCAs of cardiac origin (r = 0.30, p = 0.04), but not non-cardiac origin (r = -0.03, p = 0.8). Expenditures on other beverages, including green tea, tea, coffee, cocoa, fruit or vegetable juice, fermented milk beverage, milk beverage, and mineral water, were not significantly associated with OHCAs of cardiac origin. Conclusion: Carbonated beverage consumption was significantly and positively associated with OHCAs of cardiac origin in Japan, indicating that beverage habits might play a role in OHCAs of cardiac origin.

Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest, Utstein Registry, Carbonated Beverage, Ecological Study

Tokunaga, M. , Suematsu, Y. , Miura, S. , Kuwano, T. , Iwata, A. , Nishikawa, H. , Zhang, B. , Yonemoto, N. , Nonogi, H. , Nagao, K. , Kimura, T. and Saku, K. (2015) Association between the Consumption of Carbonated Beverages and Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrests of Cardiac Origin in Japan. World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases, 5, 361-372. doi: 10.4236/wjcd.2015.512042.