The efficacy of landiolol hydrochloride, an ultrashort-acting b-blocker with high b1 selectivity, has been confirmed in patients undergoing cardiac surgery in Japan, but there have been few reports about its use for patients having lung resection. We investigated the safety of continuous infusion of landiolol in patients undergoing lung resection. Between May 2008 and May 2011, 200 patients scheduled for lung resection were enrolled. Patients who underwent surgery before the introduction of landiolol in February 2010 were studied retrospectively (Group C) and were compared with those who received landiolol along with surgery (Group L). During the 48-hour study period, the incidence of arrhythmias, changes in heart rate and blood pressure, and occurrence of adverse reactions were examined. The white blood cell count and C-reactive protein level were measured before and after surgery to assess the anti-inflammatory effect. The heart rate was significantly lower in Group L throughout the study period. No patient in Group L developed hypotension requiring discontinuation of landiolol therapy, and no respiratory symptoms (including asthma or hypoxemia) were observed. White blood cell and C-reactive protein were significantly increased after surgery in both groups, and there were no between-group differences. Arrhythmic events occurred in 1.1% (1/99) and 9.2% (7/76) of Group L and Group C, respectively. One patient in Group C developed ventricular tachycardia. Landiolol can be administered safely during the perioperative period in patients undergoing lung resection.