Liver cirrhosis portal hypertension patients to reduce the number of blood cells are common in clinical, and often affect the prognosis. This paper discusses cirrhotic portal hypertension patients complicated by the reason of the decrease in the number of peripheral blood cells and what is the clinical significance of these reasons so as to provide theoretical support for the choice of treatment. Splenomegaly and hypersplenism caused should be the main reason for reducing the number of blood cells, but not all, other reasons are alcohol and virus inhibition of bone marrow, liver function impairment, autoimmune damage and loss of blood, etc. If it is a function of the spleen hyperfunction caused by blood cells decreases, blood should rise to normal after splenectomy, or consider other reason or there are other reasons at the same time.