Author(s)

Wiwid Pranata Putra, Azlan Kamari, Siti Najiah Mohd Yusoff, Che Fauziah Ishak, Azmi Mohamed, Norhayati Hashim, Illyas Md Isa

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tg. Malim, Perak, Malaysia.
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tg. Malim, Perak, Malaysia; Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tg. Malim, Perak, Malaysia.
Department of Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.

The efficacy of coconut tree sawdust (CTS), eggshell (ES) and sugarcane bagasse (SB) as alternative low-cost biosorbents for the removal of Cu(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II) ions from aqueous solutions was investigated. Batch adsorption studies were carried out to evaluate the effects of solution pH and initial metal concentration on adsorption capacity. The optimum biosorption condition was found at pH 6.0, 0.1 g biomass dosage and at 90 min equilibrium time. The adsorption data were fitted to the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models. The adsorption capacity and affinity of CTS, ES and SB were evaluated. The Freundlich constant (n) and separation factor (R_L) values suggest that the metal ions were favourably adsorbed onto biosorbents. The maximum adsorption capacities (Q) estimated from the Langmuir isotherm model for Cu(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II) were 3.89, 25.00 and 23.81 mg/g for CTS, 34.48, 90.90 and 35.71 mg/g for ES, and 3.65, 21.28 and 40.00 mg/g for SB, respectively. The characterisation studies were performed using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometer (EDX) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR). Interaction with metal ions led to the formation of discrete aggregates on the biosorbents surface. The metal ions bound to the active sites of the biosorbents through either electrostatic attraction or complexation mechanism.

Adsorption; Characterisation; Metal Ions; Coconut Tree Sawdust; Eggshell; Sugarcane Bagasse

Pranata Putra, W. , Kamari, A. , Najiah Mohd Yusoff, S. , Fauziah Ishak, C. , Mohamed, A. , Hashim, N. and Md Isa, I. (2014) Biosorption of Cu(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II) Ions from Aqueous Solutions Using Selected Waste Materials: Adsorption and Characterisation Studies. Journal of Encapsulation and Adsorption Sciences, 4, 25-35. doi: 10.4236/jeas.2014.41004.