Objective: To investigate factors contributed to anti-infection efficacy of fluoroquinolones (FQNS), and ultimately to provide guidelines for the application of such drugs. Methods: Clinical data of 519 infected patients who were treated with fluoroquinolones were analyzed retrospectively. According to the therapeutic efficacy of the drugs, cases were divided into 3 groups: clinical inefficient, improved and cured. 11 potential factors were investigated. The data were analyzed through logistic regression analysis to determine the main factors which influence therapeutic effects. Results: Ordinal logistic regression revealed that age (OR = 0.979, 95% CI: 0.969, 0.989), a variety of medicine (moxifloxacin-OR = 3.465, 95% CI: 1.396, 8.601; levofloxacin-OR = 4.605, 95% CI: 1.971, 10.760; ciprofloxacin-OR = 3.220, 95% CI: 1.089, 9.552; compared to lomefloxacin) (levofloxacin-OR = 2.591, 95% CI: 1.130, 5.944; compared to fleroxacin) and site of infection (respiratory system-OR = 3.016, 95% CI: 1.737, 5.236; urological system-OR = 4.077, 95% CI: 1.981, 8.391; digestive system-OR = 3.740, 95% CI: 1.849, 7.565) are main factors which influence the efficacy. Conclusion: Fluoroquinolones are more effective in the treatment of bacterial infection within drug’s indications in young population. Variety, dosage and intervals of the drugs should be adjusted according to disease condition.