Introduction: Worldwide specific diseases are jeopardizing people’s health in the world as well as in Iran. Chronic renal failure as a developed and irreversible failure is usually progressive. End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) is a situation when renal function is not sufficient to preserve one’s life leading to acute uremia resulting in dialysis and/or kidney transplantation for the patients. Although dialysis methods bring about complications for the patients, peritoneal dialysis is relatively cost-effective and more convenient to survive. The present study aimed to investigate (the) Etiologic factor of renal failure and imposed complications of peritoneal dialysis in the patients of Isfahan Alzahra hospital. Materials and Methods: It was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted on 67 patients in Isfahan Peritoneal Dialysis Center. The data from the patients were collected through a two-section questionnaire whose first section was allocated to demographic information and the second part was related to the disease and complications of peritoneal dialysis. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS version 18. Results: The findings showed that there were 39 (58%) males and 28 (42%) females. Mean age of the subjects was 48 (18.8) years old. Regarding marital status, 65% were married and 35% were single. Considering complications, 28 subjects (53.5%) had infectious complications while 24 subjects (46.2%) had non-infectious complications. The highest frequency in etiologic factor of renal failure was diabetes mellitus in 29 subjects (43.9%) and the lowest for polycystic kidney in 2 subjects (3%); in addition, hypertension was observed in 51 subjects (77.3%). Discussion: The most frequent and important complication of peritoneal dialysis catheters is infection, which may result in catheter loss and discontinuation of peritoneal dialysis (PD). Diabetes and hypertension were found as the most important etiologic factors for renal failure. They should also be considered as two major risk factors in prevention of renal diseases.